Mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari, kugadzira mishonga uye kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kune chinhu chemakemikari chisinganyanyi kutaurwa asi chinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana - dichloromethane. Imvura yakajeka, inoonekera isina hwema hwakasimba uye inowanzoonekwa semushonga wakachengeteka, asi ine njodzi dzakavanzika dzekuchengetedza. Inozivikanwa se "mushonga wepasi rose weindasitiri", dichloromethane inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, nepo vanhu vazhinji vasingazive zvakawanda nezvehunhu hwayo, mashandisirwo ayo uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Chinyorwa chino chinopa nzwisiso yakazara yekemikari iyi yakajairika yeindasitiri.
Dichloromethane, ine fomura yemolecular CH₂Cl₂ uye inozivikanwawo semethylene chloride, imusanganiswa weorganic wakajairika une halogenated. Pakupisa kwemumba, imvura isina ruvara uye inoonekera ine hwema husina kujeka hwakaita seether. Ine poindi yekufashaira yakaderera ye39.8℃ chete, zvichiita kuti inyungudike zvakanyanya. Inonyungudika zvishoma mumvura, inogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zvakaita seethanol neether. Kusiyana nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zveorganic, dichloromethane haibatike ine mwero mudiki wekuputika, ine kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya kupfuura zvinonyungudutsa zvinobvira senge ether nepetroleum ether. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti itsive zvinonyungudutsa zvinobvira mumashandisirwo akapararira. Panguva iyi, ine hunhu hwakagadzikana hwemakemikari uye haiori zvakanyanya pakupisa kwemumba. Inongoshanda chete kana yave nechiedza, tembiricha yepamusoro kana kusangana nesimbi dzealkali, zvichiita kuti pave nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nekushandisa zviri nyore.
Ichibatsirwa nekugona kwayo kunyungudutsa zvakanaka uye hunhu hwayo hwakagadzikana hwemuviri nemakemikari, dichloromethane ine nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa. Muindasitiri yemishonga, inoshanda semushonga unoshanda pakugadzira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mavhitamini nemimwe mishonga, iyo inogona kuparadzanisa nekuchenesa zvinhu zvinoshanda nemazvo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchena kwemishonga. Muindasitiri yemakemikari nezvinhu, inowanzoshandiswa mukunyungudutsa nekugadzirisa maresini, mapurasitiki nemarabha, uye inoshanda semushonga wefuro repolyurethane furo, ichitsigira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvishoma. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshanda semushonga wekuchenesa muindasitiri yemagetsi kubvisa mavara emafuta netsvina pazvikamu zvemagetsi zvakanyatsonaka. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, inogona kuwanikwa muzvibvisa pendi, maaerosol sprays uye zvicheneswa zveganda, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira maindasitiri.
Pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo zvakanyanya, dichloromethane haina njodzi zvachose, uye njodzi dzayo dzinogona kukonzerwa neutano hadzigoni kufuratirwa. Ine mushonga unonyaradza marwadzo uye unogumbura, uye muviri wemunhu unonyanya kubatwa nawo kuburikidza nekufema mweya uye kubata ganda. Kubatwa kwenguva refu nemafuta mashoma kunogona kukonzera musoro, dzungu, kuneta, kuda kurutsa nezvimwe zvinonetsa, kutsamwisa maziso, mhino nekufema, uye kutungamira pahuro yakaoma uye inorwadza, kukosora uye ganda rakaoma. Kubatwa kwenguva pfupi nemafuta akawanda edichloromethane kunogona kukurumidza kudzivirira tsinga dzemukati, zvichikonzera hope nekuvhiringidzika, uye zvinogona kutokonzera kuoma mitezo yekufema muzviitiko zvakakomba. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvekuti, dichloromethane inochinja kuita zvinhu zvine chepfu mumuviri wemunhu. Kubatwa kwenguva refu nemafuta akawanda kunogona kukuvadza chiropa neitsvo, uye zvakaratidzwa kuti zvine njodzi dzinogona kukonzera kenza, zvichikonzera kukuvara kusingaperi kunhengo dzevanhu.
Pamusoro pekukuvadza hutano hwevanhu, dichloromethane inokonzerawo njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza. Mushure mekudonha mumhepo, zvinonetsa kuipa zvakasikwa, uye kuwanda kwayo zvakanyanya kuchawedzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kubuda mumvura nevhu zvisina kurongeka kuchakuvadza nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza uye kuisa pangozi kurarama kwemhuka nemiti. Uyezve, inoparadza zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki nerabha, saka midziyo yakakosha yemagetsi inodiwa kuti ichengetwe uye itakurwe kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwezvinhu.
Dziviriro yakajairwa ndiyo kiyi yekudzivirira njodzi muzviitiko zvezuva nezuva uye zvemaindasitiri. Mabasa emaindasitiri anofanira kuitwa munzvimbo dzakavharwa dzine mhepo inofefetera kuti kuderedze huwandu hwemhepo muchinhu ichi. Masiki egasi anodiwa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, uye michina yekufema inokwana yega inodiwa pakununura vanhu nekukurumidza. Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka mbatya dzebasa dzisingapindi mvura, magirovhosi ekudzivirira uye magogorosi, uye kudya, kunwa uye kusvuta hazvibvumidzwe panzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa. Kana ganda rakabatana, sukurudza nemvura yakachena nekukurumidza; tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza kana mvura yacho ikapinda mumaziso kana kufemereka zvakanyanya. Veruzhinji havafanirwe kutya. Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese zvine dichloromethane inoenderana uye zvakachengeteka kushandiswa zvakajairika, zvine mushonga weindasitiri chete unoda kudzivirira.
Mukupedzisa, dichloromethane imunondo unocheka nemativi maviri muindasitiri. Nehunhu hwayo hwakagadzikana uye hunoshanda, yave chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri, nepo ichiuya nenjodzi dzekuchengetedza. Kunzwisisa hunhu hwayo nenjodzi uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa pakushandiswa kwayo kunogona kuwedzera kukosha kwayo muindasitiri ukuwo kuchideredza kukuvara kunogona kuitika. Kutarisana nezvakanaka nezvakaipa zvemakemikari zvine musoro uye kuzvishandisa nesainzi ndiyo musimboti wekuvandudzwa kwakachengeteka kweindasitiri yemakemikari yemazuva ano.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-31-2026