Kuratidza simba re rheological remusanganiswa we sulfate-free surfactant we cocamidopropyl betaine-sodium methyl cocoyl taurate mukugadzirwa, pH, uye mamiriro e ionic

Nhanganyaya

Masisitimu emvura e binary surfactant ane mhando dzakasiyana dzemvura dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira zvekuzora, mishonga, agrochemicals, uye maindasitiri ekugadzira chikafu. Kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemasisitimu aya kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekushanda kwawo kwepamusoro-soro kwe interfacial uye rheological, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekushanda kwakasimba mumafomu akasiyana-siyana. Kuzvisanganisa kwe synergistic kwema surfactants akadaro kuita ma "wormlike aggregates" kunoita kuti pave ne "turning" yakakura, kusanganisira kuwedzera viscoelasticity uye kudzikira kwekumanikidzwa kwe interfacial. Kunyanya, kusanganiswa kwema surfactants e anionic ne zwitterionic kunoratidza kuwedzera kwe synergistic mukushanda kwepamusoro, viscosity, uye interfacial tension modulation. Maitiro aya anobva mukudyidzana kwakasimba kwe electrostatic ne steric pakati pemapoka e polar head uye hydrophobic tails yema surfactants, zvichipesana nemasisitimu e single-surfactant, uko masimba e electrostatic anowanzo ganhurira kushanda zvakanaka.

Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+ (C)CC([O−])=O) imushonga unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvishongo nekuda kwekushanda kwayo zvinyoro nyoro uye hunhu hwekugadzirisa bvudzi. Hunhu hwezwitterionic hweCAPB hunoita kuti electrostatic synergy neanionic surfactants, zvichiwedzera kugadzikana kwefuro uye zvichisimudzira kushanda kwepamusoro kwemushonga. Mumakumi mashanu emakore apfuura, musanganiswa weCAPB nesulfate-based surfactants, senge CAPB–sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), wave musimboti muzvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza munhu. Zvisinei, pasinei nekushanda kwesulfate-based surfactants, kunetseka nezvekugona kwavo kutsamwisa ganda uye kuvapo kwe1,4-dioxane, chinhu chinobva mu ethoxylation process, kwakaita kuti vanhu vafarire dzimwe nzira dzisina sulfate. Vamwe vanobatsira vanosanganisira amino-acid-based surfactants, dzakadai se taurates, sarcosinates, uye glutamates, izvo zvinoratidza kuwedzera kwe biocompatibility uye hunhu hwakapfava [9]. Kunyange zvakadaro, mapoka makuru emisoro yepolar yemhando idzi anowanzo kanganisa kuumbwa kwezvimiro zvemicellar zvakabatikana zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvidikanwe kushandisa rheological modifier.

Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; KUNYEMWERA:
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) ianionic surfactant inogadzirwa se sodium salt kuburikidza ne amide coupling yeN-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) ine coconut-derived fatty acid chain. SMCT ine amide-linked taurine headgroup pamwe chete ne anionic sulfonate group yakasimba, zvichiita kuti iore uye ienderane ne pH yeganda, izvo zvinoiisa semukana unovimbisa we sulfate-free formulations. Taurate surfactants inoratidzwa nekusimba kwayo, kusimba kwemvura yakaoma, kupfava, uye kugadzikana kwepH kwakafara.

Zviyero zveRheological, zvinosanganisira shear viscosity, viscoelastic moduli, uye yield stress, zvakakosha pakuona kugadzikana, magadzirirwo, uye mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvinobva kusurfactant. Semuenzaniso, shear viscosity yakakwira inogona kuvandudza kuchengetedza substrate, nepo yield stress ichitonga kunamatira kwemushonga paganda kana bvudzi mushure mekushandiswa. Aya macroscopic rheological hunhu anogadziriswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira surfactant concentration, pH, tembiricha, uye kuvapo kwe co-solvents kana additives. Opositely charged surfactants inogona kuchinja microstructural transitions dzakasiyana, kubva ku spherical micelles ne vesicles kusvika ku liquid crystalline phases, izvo, zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya bulk rheology. Musanganiswa we amphoteric ne anionic surfactants unowanzo gadzira elongated wormlike micelles (WLMs), izvo zvinowedzera zvakanyanya viscoelastic properties. Kunzwisisa hukama hwe microstructure-property, saka, kwakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa.

Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvekuedza zvakaongorora masisitimu akafanana e binary, akadai seCAPB-SLES, kuti vatsanangure hwaro hwe microstructural yehunhu hwavo. Semuenzaniso, Mitrinova et al. [13] vakabatana saizi ye micelle (hydrodynamic radius) ne solution viscosity mu CAPB-SLES-medium-chain co-surfactant mixtures vachishandisa rheometry uye dynamic light scattering (DLS). Mechanical rheometry inopa ruzivo pamusoro pekushanduka kwe microstructural yemisanganiswa iyi uye inogona kuwedzerwa ne optical microrheology uchishandisa diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) iyo inowedzera nzvimbo inowanikwa frequency, ichibata dynamics yenguva pfupi inonyanya kukosha kune WLM relaxation processes. MuDWS microrheology, avhareji square displacement ye embedded colloidal probes inoteverwa nekufamba kwenguva, zvichigonesa kuburitswa kwe linear viscoelastic moduli yenzvimbo yakapoteredza kuburikidza ne generalized Stokes-Einstein relation. Iyi nzira inoda sample volumes shoma chete uye nokudaro inobatsira pakudzidza complex fluids dzine zvinhu zvishoma zviripo, semuenzaniso ma protein-based formulations. Kuongororwa kwedata re < Δr²(t)> kuburikidza ne broad frequency spectra kunorerutsa kufungidzira kwema parameter e micellar akadai sehukuru hwe mesh, urefu hwekupindirana, urefu hwekuramba uripo, uye urefu hwe contour. Amin nevamwe vakaratidza kuti ma CAPB–SLES mixtures anotevedzera fungidziro kubva kudzidziso yaCates, zvichiratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwe viscosity nekuwedzera munyu kusvika pahuwandu hwakakosha hwemunyu, kupfuura ipapo viscosity inodonha zvakanyanya—mhinduro yakajairika muma WLM systems Xu naAmin vakashandisa mechanical rheometry ne DWS kuti vaongorore ma SLES–CAPB–CCB mixtures, zvichiratidza mhinduro ye Maxwellian rheological inoratidza kuumbwa kwe enclunged WLM, iyo yakatsigirwa zvakare nema microstructural parameters akafungidzirwa kubva ku DWS measurements. Zvichivakira panzira idzi, chidzidzo chiripo chinobatanidza mechanical rheometry ne DWS microrheology kuti chijekese kuti ma microstructural reorganizations anofambisa sei maitiro e shear e CAPB–SMCT mixtures.

Zvichienderana nekuwanda kwekuda kwemishonga yekuchenesa yakapfava uye inogara kwenguva refu, kutsvaga ma surfactants asina sulfate anionic kwakawedzera simba pasinei nematambudziko ekugadzira. Magadzirirwo akasiyana emamorekuru emasystem asina sulfate anowanzo buritsa ma profiles akasiyana e rheological, zvichiita kuti nzira dzemazuva ano dzekuwedzera viscosity dzakadai semunyu kana polymeric thickening dziome. Semuenzaniso, Yorke nevamwe vake vakatsvaga dzimwe nzira dzisiri dzesulfate nekutsvaga zvakarongeka hunhu hwe foaming uye rheological hwe binary ne ternary surfactant mixtures ine alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG), uye lauryl hydroxysultaine. Chiyero che1:1 cheAOS-sultaine chakaratidza shear-thinning uye foam chakafanana neCAPB-SLES, zvichiratidza kuumbwa kweWLM. Rajput nevamwe vake [26] vakaongorora imwe surfactant isina sulfate anionic, sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), pamwe chete ne nonionic co-surfactants (cocamide diethanolamine uye lauryl glucoside) kuburikidza neDLS, SANS, uye rheometry. Kunyangwe SCGLY yoga yakaumba micelles dzakaita sedenderedzwa, kuwedzera pamwe chete kwakaita kuti pave nemamofoloji akaomarara e micellar, anokwanisa kushandiswa ne pH-driven modulation.

Pasinei nekufambira mberi uku, ongororo shoma dzakanangana nehunhu hwerheological hwemasisitimu asina sulfate anochengetedza sulfate anosanganisira CAPB ne taurates. Chidzidzo ichi chine chinangwa chekuzadza mukaha uyu nekupa imwe yehunhu hwekutanga hwerheological hwakarongeka hweCAPB-SMCT binary system. Nekusiyanisa zvakarongwa zve surfactant, pH, uye ionic strength, tinotsanangura zvinhu zvinodzora shear viscosity uye viscoelasticity. Tichishandisa mechanical rheometry uye DWS microrheology, tinoyera kurongeka kwe microstructural kuri pasi pemaitiro e shear eCAPB-SMCT mixtures. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinotsanangura kubatana kuripo pakati pe pH, CAPB-SMCT ratio, uye ionic levels mukusimudzira kana kudzivirira kuumbwa kweWLM, nokudaro zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha mukugadzirisa ma profiles e rheological ezvigadzirwa zve surfactant zvinochengetedza sustainable kuti zvishandiswe mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.