Styrene: "Yakakwana" yeMaindasitiri Emazuva Ano uye Kuchinja Kwemusika

I. Nhanganyaya Pfupi yeChigadzirwa: Kubva kuBasic Monomer kusvika kuUbiquitous Material

Styrene, mvura isina ruvara ine hwema hwakasiyana hwema patembiricha yemumba, chinhu chakakosha chemakemikari eorganic muindasitiri yemakemikari yemazuva ano. Senzira iri nyore kushandisa alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon, chimiro chayo chemakemikari chinoita kuti ive ne reactivity yakakura - boka revinyl riri mumorekuru wayo rinogona kuita polymerization reactions, hunhu hunoisa hwaro hwekukosha kwayo muindasitiri.

Kushandiswa kukuru kwestyrene imonomer yekugadzira polystyrene (PS). Inozivikanwa nekujeka kwayo, kugona kwayo kugadzira zvinhu, uye kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, PS inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukupakata chikafu, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nevanhu zuva nezuva, macasing emagetsi nemagetsi, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, styrene inoshanda senzira huru yekugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha zvekugadzira:

●ABS Resin: Yakagadzirwa neacrylonitrile, butadiene, uye styrene, inofarirwa muindasitiri yemotokari, midziyo yemumba, uye matoyi nekuda kwekusimba kwayo kwakanyanya, kuomarara, uye kugona kushandiswa.

●Rubha reStyrene-Butadiene (SBR): Rabha reStyrene-Butadiene (SBR): Rabha reStyrene neButadiene rinogadzirwa zvakanyanya uye rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, rinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira matayi, shangu, nezvimwewo.

●Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR): Iine styrene semushonga wekubatanidza uye musanganiswa, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP), inoshandiswa mungarava, zvikamu zvemotokari, mashongwe ekutonhodza, nezvimwewo.

●Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), nezvimwewo.

Kubva pazvinhu zvinoshandiswa zuva nezuva zvakaita semidziyo yezvekudya zvinokurumidza uye mabhokisi emagetsi kusvika kuzvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nehupfumi hwenyika zvakaita sematayi emotokari nezvinhu zvekuvaka, styrene inowanikwa kwose kwose uye ndeimwe ye "nheyo huru" dzeindasitiri yezvinhu zvemazuva ano. Pasi rose, kugona kwayo kugadzira uye kushandisa styrene kwagara kuri pakati pemakemikari makuru, uye mafambiro ayo emusika anoratidza zvakananga kubudirira kwekugadzira zvinhu zviri pasi.

II. Nhau Dzazvino: Kuvapo Kwekusagadzikana Kwemusika Uye Kuwedzera Kwesimba

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, musika we styrene wakaramba uchikanganiswa nemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika uye shanduko mukuwanikwa nekudiwa kweindasitiri, zvichiratidza kushanduka kwakaoma.

Rutsigiro rweMari yeZvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa uye Mutambo weMutengo

Sezvo zviri zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zve styrene, mitengo ye benzene ne ethylene inokanganisa zvakananga chimiro chemutengo we styrene. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kuchinja kwemitengo yemafuta asina kuchekwa pasi rose kwakakonzera kusagadzikana mumusika wepamusoro wezvinhu zvisina kuchekwa. Purofiti yekugadzira styrene yave pedyo nemutengo, zvichiisa kumanikidzwa kuvagadziri. Vatori vechikamu mumusika vanonyatso tarisa kuchinja kwega kwega kwemafuta asina kuchekwa uye mitengo yekupinza benzene kuti vaone simba rekutsigira mutengo we styrene.

Tarisa paKutangwa kweConcentrated New Capacity

Semugadziri mukuru pasi rose we styrene, kuwedzera kwesimba reChina kwakakwezva vanhu vakawanda. Kubva muna 2023 kusvika 2024, mafekitori matsva akawanda e styrene muChina akaiswa kushanda kana kuti ari kushandiswa muChina, akadai sefekitori itsva yekambani ye petrochemical ine matani 600,000 pagore, iyo yave ichishanda zvakanaka. Izvi hazvingowedzere zvakanyanya kuwanikwa kwemusika chete asiwo zvinowedzera makwikwi mukati meindasitiri. Kuburitswa kwesimba idzva kuri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kufamba kwekutengeserana kwe styrene munharaunda uye kunyange pasi rose.

Kusiyanisa Kudiwa Kwemari Uye Kuchinja Kwezvinhu Zviri Munzvimbo

Kushanda kwezvinodiwa nevatengi kunosiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri akadai sePS, ABS, neEPS. Pakati pawo, indasitiri yeEPS inosangana nekuchinja-chinja kuri pachena nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekupisa kwezvivakwa zvemwaka uye mashandisirwo ekurongedza; kudiwa kweABS kwakabatana zvakanyanya nedata rekugadzira nekutengesa midziyo yemumba nemotokari. Mazinga emidziyo yemhando yestyrene pachiteshi chikuru ave chiratidzo chikuru chekutarisa kuenzana kwekudiwa kwezvinhu, nekuchinja kwezvinhu zvichikanganisa zvakananga manzwiro emusika uye mafambiro emitengo.

III. Mafambiro Eindasitiri: Kuchinja Kwezvipenyu Nekusimudzira Kwepamusoro

Tichitarisa mberi, indasitiri ye styrene iri kushanduka ichienda kune zvinotevera:

Kusiyanisa uye Kurima Nzira dzeZvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa

Pachivanhu, styrene inonyanya kugadzirwa kuburikidza ne ethylbenzene dehydrogenation process. Parizvino, matekinoroji e "green styrene" akavakirwa pa biomass kana chemical recycling yemarara epurasitiki ari pasi peR&D uye kuratidzwa, nechinangwa chekuderedza mafambiro ecarbon uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvebudiriro yepasi rose. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ekugadzira pamwe chete ePO/SM, ayo anogadzira propylene nestyrene kuburikidza nenzira ye propane dehydrogenation (PDH), awana mukurumbira mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekushanda kwayo zvakanaka kwehupfumi.

Kukwanisa Kuenderera Mberi Kutama Kuenda Kumabvazuva uye Makwikwi Akasimba

Nekuvakwa kwemapurojekiti makuru ekuchenesa nemakemikari muEast Asia, kunyanya China, kugona kwe styrene pasi rose kuri kuramba kuchikwira munzvimbo dzinonyanya kutarisisa vatengi. Izvi zvinochinja chimiro chemusika wedunhu uye kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa, zvinowedzera makwikwi emusika, uye zvinoisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakushanda zvakanaka kwevagadziri, kudzora mitengo, uye kugona kwekugadzira nzira dzemagetsi.

Zvigadzirwa Zvikuru Zvinokonzera Kuda Kuvandudzwa

Musika wepolymer unoshandiswa zvakanyanya ne styrene uri kusvika pakuzara zvishoma nezvishoma, nepo kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvine simba guru uye zvine hunyanzvi kuri kukura zvakanyanya. Mienzaniso inosanganisira ABS inoshanda zvakanyanya yezvikamu zvidiki zvemotokari itsva dzine simba, zvinhu zve polystyrene zvisinganyanyi kuderedzwa ne dielectric zvemidziyo yekutaurirana ye5G, uye ma copolymers akavakirwa ne styrene ane hunhu hwakanyanya hwekudzivirira kana kuora kwehupenyu. Izvi zvinoda kuti indasitiri ye styrene yepamusoro isangotarisa chete pakuwanikwa kwe "huwandu" asiwo ishande pamwe chete nezvikamu zviri pasi pemvura kuti ivandudze uye ivandudze cheni yemutengo wechigadzirwa.

Kusimbiswa Kunowedzera Pahupfumi Hwakatenderera uye Kudzokorodza

Matekinoroji ekugadzirisa zvinhu nekushandisa makemikari (kubvisa polymerization kuti igadzirezve styrene monomers) emarara epurasitiki akadai sepolystyrene ari kukura zvakanyanya. Kugadzira sisitimu inoshanda yekudzokorodza mapurasitiki akavakirwa pastyrene kwave gwara rakakosha kuti indasitiri itevedzere mitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye kuzadzisa mabasa emagariro evanhu, uye inotarisirwa kuumba denderedzwa rakavharwa re "kugadzira-kushandiswa-kudzokorodza-kubereka" mune ramangwana.

Muchidimbu, sechigadzirwa chemakemikari chakakosha uye chakakosha, kufambiswa kwemusika westyrene kwakabatana zvakanyanya nehupfumi hwenyika uye kutenderera kwezvinhu. Pakutarisana nematambudziko ekusagadzikana kwemusika kwenguva pfupi, kambani yese yemaindasitiri estyrene iri kutsvaga nzira dzekurima, itsva, uye dzepamusoro-soro dzekuvandudza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chinhu ichi chekare chinoramba chichibudirira munguva itsva yebudiriro inoenderera mberi uye inotsigira kufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri ari pasi.