Mangwanani-ngwanani emusi wa15 Zvita, panguva yeBeijing, Federal Reserve yakazivisa kukwidza mitengo yemubereko ne50 basis points, huwandu hwemari yehurumende hwakakwira kusvika pa4.25% - 4.50%, huwandu hwepamusoro kubva muna Chikumi 2006. Pamusoro pezvo, Fed inofanotaura kuti huwandu hwemari yehurumende huchakwira kusvika pa5.1 muzana gore rinouya, nemitengo inotarisirwa kudzikira kusvika pa4.1 muzana pakupera kwa2024 uye 3.1 muzana pakupera kwa2025.
Federal Fed yakawedzera mitengo yemubereko kanomwe kubva mugore ra2022, huwandu hwemapoinzi mazana mana nemakumi maviri nemashanu (425 basis points), uye mwero wemari yeFed wakwira mumakore gumi nemashanu. Kukwira kwemitengo mitanhatu yapfuura kwaive mapoinzi makumi maviri nemashanu (25 basis points) musi wa17 Kurume, 2022; Musi wa5 Chivabvu, yakawedzera mitengo nemapoinzi makumi mashanu (50 basis points); Musi wa16 Chikumi, yakawedzera mitengo nemapoinzi makumi manomwe nemashanu (75 basis points); Musi wa28 Chikunguru, yakawedzera mitengo nemapoinzi makumi manomwe nemashanu (75 basis points); Musi wa22 Gunyana, panguva yeBeijing, mwero wemubereko wakawedzera nemapoinzi makumi manomwe nemashanu (75 basis points). Musi wa3 Mbudzi yakawedzera mitengo nemapoinzi makumi manomwe nemashanu (75 basis points).
Kubva pakatanga chirwere chekoronavirus muna 2020, nyika zhinji, kusanganisira US, dzakashandisa "mvura isina kuzara" kuti dzikwanise kubata nematambudziko edenda iri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hupfumi hwavandudzika, asi inflation yakakwira zvakanyanya. Mabhangi makuru epasi rose akawedzera mitengo yemubereko ka275 gore rino, sekureva kweBank of America, uye anopfuura makumi mashanu aita danho rimwe chete re75 basis point gore rino, mamwe achitevera kutungamira kweFed nekuwedzera kwakawanda kwakasimba.
Nekuderera kwemutengo weRMB ne15%, kupinzwa kwemakemikari kuchave kwakaoma zvakanyanya.
Federal Reserve yakashandisa dhora semari yepasi rose uye yakasimudza mwero wechikwereti zvakanyanya. Kubva kutanga kwa2022, chiyero chedhora chakaramba chichisimba, nekuwedzera kwe19.4% mukati menguva iyi. NeUS Federal Reserve iri kutungamira mukuwedzera mwero wechikwereti zvine simba, nhamba huru yenyika dzichiri kusimukira dziri kutarisana nematambudziko makuru akadai sekuderera kwemutengo wemari yavo kana ichienzaniswa nedhora rekuAmerica, kubuda kwemari, kukwira kwemari yekubhadhara zvikwereti, inflation inopinzwa munyika, uye kusagadzikana kwemisika yezvinhu, uye musika uri kuramba uchinetseka nezveramangwana rawo rehupfumi.
Kukwira kwemubereko wemadhora ekuAmerica kwakaita kuti dhora rekuAmerica ridzokere, dhora rekuAmerica rawedzera kukosha, mari yedzimwe nyika yaderera, uye RMB haisi kuzova chinhu chinosara. Kubva kutanga kwegore rino, RMB yaderera zvakanyanya, uye RMB yaderera neanenge 15% apo mwero wekutsinhana kwemari yeRMB uchienzaniswa nedhora rekuAmerica waderera.
Zvichienderana nezvakaitika kare, mushure mekuderera kwemutengo weRMB, maindasitiri epetroleum nepetrochemical, simbi dzisina ferrous, dzimba nedzimwe indasitiri dzichadzikira kwenguva pfupi. Sekureva kweMinistry of Industry and Information Technology, 32% yemhando dzenyika ichiri isina chinhu uye 52% ichiri kuvimba nezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Zvakadai semakemikari emagetsi epamusoro-soro, zvinhu zvinoshanda zvepamusoro-soro, polyolefin yepamusoro-soro, nezvimwewo, zvakaoma kusangana nezvinodiwa nehupfumi uye mararamiro evanhu.
Muna 2021, huwandu hwemakemikari anounzwa munyika yangu hwakapfuura matani mamiriyoni makumi mana, ayo aivimba nekupinza potassium chloride ne57.5%, MMA yaivimba nekubuda kunze kwemakemikari ne60%, uye zvinhu zvemakemikari zvakaita sePX nemethanol zvakapfuura matani mamiriyoni gumi muna 2021.
Munyaya yekupeta, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosarudzwa kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvekunze kwenyika. Semuenzaniso, Disman muindasitiri ye epoxy resin, Mitsubishi neSanyi muindasitiri yekunyungudutsa; BASF, Japanese Flower Poster muindasitiri yefoam; Sika neVisber muindasitiri yekupfumisa; DuPont ne3M muindasitiri yekunyorovesa; Wak, Ronia, Dexian; Komu, Hunsmai, Connoos muindasitiri ye titanium pink; Bayer naLangson muindasitiri ye pigment.
Kudzikira kwemutengo weRMB kuchaita kuti mitengo yezvinhu zvemakemikari zvinopinzwa munyika ikwire uye kudzvanyirira purofiti yemabhizinesi mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Panguva imwe chete nemitengo yezvinhu zvinopinzwa munyika ichiwedzera, kusaziva kwedenda iri kuri kuwedzera, uye zvinotonyanya kuoma kuwana zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvinopinzwa munyika.
Makambani ekutengesa kunze kwenyika haana kunyatsobudirira, uye makwikwi haana kusimba
Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti kudzikira kwemutengo wemari kunobatsira kukurudzira kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika, izvo zvinova nhau dzakanaka kumakambani anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Mitengo yezvinhu zvakaita semadhora ekuAmerica, zvakaita semafuta nesoya, "zvichawedzera" mitengo, zvichiita kuti mitengo iwedzere pasi rose. Nekuti dhora rekuAmerica rinokosha, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinoenderana nazvo zvichaonekwa zvakachipa uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika huchawedzera. Asi kutaura chokwadi, kuwedzera uku kwemubereko wepasi rose kwakakonzerawo kudzikira kwemutengo wemari dzakasiyana-siyana.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu husina kukwana, marudzi makumi matatu nematanhatu emari pasi rose adzikira nechikamu chimwe chete mugumi, uye Turkish lira yadzikira ne95%. Vietnamese Shield, Thai baht, Philippine Peso, uye Korean Monsters zvasvika padanho rakaderera mumakore mazhinji. Kukwira kweRMB pamari isiri yeUS dollar, kudzikira kwerenminbi kunongoenderana nedhora rekuUS. Kubva pamaonero eyen, euro, uye British pounds, yuan ichiri "kukosha". Kune nyika dzinotarisa kunze kwenyika dzakadai seSouth Korea neJapan, kudzikira kwemari kunoreva mabhenefiti ekutumira kunze kwenyika, uye kudzikira kwerenminbi zviri pachena kuti hakuna kukwikwidzana semari idzi, uye mabhenefiti anowanikwa haana kukosha.
Nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakataura kuti dambudziko riripo pari zvino rekuomesesa mari pasi rose rinonyanya kumiririrwa nemutemo weFed wekukwira kwechikwereti zvakanyanya. Mutemo weFed wekuramba uchiomesa mari uchava nemhedzisiro yakaipa pasi rose, zvichikanganisa hupfumi hwenyika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dzimwe hupfumi huri kusimukira dzine mhedzisiro yakaipa senge kubuda kwemari, kukwira kwemitengo yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika, uye kudzikira kwemari yavo munyika mavo, uye zvakasundidzira mukana wekuti hupfumi hwenyika huri kusimukira hukwerete zvikwereti zvakawanda. Pakupera kwa2022, kukwira kwechikwereti uku kunogona kukonzera kuti kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika nekunze kwenyika kudzvanyirirwe munzira mbiri, uye indasitiri yemakemikari ichave nemhedzisiro yakakura. Kana zvichigona kuderedzwa muna 2023, zvinoenderana nezviito zvehupfumi hwakawanda pasi rose, kwete mashandiro emunhu mumwe nemumwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-20-2022