OXALIC ACID

Oxalic acidchinhu chinobva muzvinhu zvipenyu. Makemikari acho anonzi H₂C₂O₄. Ichi chigadzirwa chemetabolism yezvinhu zvipenyu. Iacid isina simba ine zvikamu zviviri. Inopararira zvakanyanya mumiti, mhuka, uye fungus. Inoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana muzvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana. Nokudaro, oxalic acid inowanzoonekwa semupikisi wekupinza nekushandisa zvicherwa. Anhydride yayo icarbon trioxide.

Hunhu:Pepa re monoclinic risina ruvara kana prismatic crystal kana upfu huchena, oxalic acid haina hwema nekuda kwe oxidation, oxalic acid inonaka nekuda kwe synthesis. Sublimation pa 150 ~ 160 ℃. Inogona kunyungudutswa mumhepo inopisa yakaoma. 1g inonyunguduka mumvura ye 7mL, 2mL mvura inopisa, 2.5mL ethanol, 1.8mL ethanol inopisa, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, uye hainyunguduke mu benzene, chloroform uye petroleum ether. 0.1mol/L solution ine pH ye 1.3. Kuwanda kwemvura (mvura = 1) i 1.653. Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka 189.5 ℃.

Hunhu hwemakemikari:Oxalic acid, inozivikanwawo seglycolic acid, inowanikwa zvakanyanya muzvikafu zvemiti. Oxalic acid ikristaro isina ruvara, inonyungudika mumvura kwete muzvinhu zvinonyungudutsa zvakaita se ether,

Oxalate ine simba guru rekubatanidza zvinhu uye ndeimwe mhando yesimbi inochera muzvikafu zvemiti. Kana oxalic acid ikasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi zvealkaline earth, kunyungudika kwayo kunodzikira zvakanyanya, senge calcium oxalate inenge isinganyungudike mumvura. Saka, kuvapo kweoxalic acid kune simba guru pakuwanikwa kwezvicherwa zvakakosha; Kana oxalic acid ikasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi zve transitional, makemikari anonyungudika anoumbwa nekuda kwekushanda pamwe chete kweoxalic acid, uye kunyungudika kwawo kunowedzera zvakanyanya.

Oxalic acid yakatanga kudzika pasi pemvura pa100℃, ikakasira kudzika pasi pemvura pa125℃, uye yakakasira kudzika pasi pemvura pa157℃, ndokutanga kuora.

Inogona kuita zvine alkali, inogona kugadzira esterification, acyl halogenation, amide reaction. Kuderedza kunogona kuitikawo, uye decarboxylation reactions inogona kuitika kana yapiswa. Anhydrous oxalic acid i hygroscopic. Oxalic acid inogadzira complexes dzinonyunguduka mumvura dzine simbi dzakawanda.

Oxalate yakajairika:1, Sodium oxalate; 2, Potassium oxalate; 3, Calcium oxalate; 4, Ferrous oxalate; 5, Antimony oxalate; 6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate; 7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Kushandiswa:

1. Chinhu chinosanganisa zvinhu, chinhu chinovhara madziro, chinhu chinodzikisa mvura, chinhu chinodzikisa mvura. Chinoshandiswa pakutsvaga beryllium, calcium, chromium, gold, manganese, strontium, thorium nedzimwe ions dzesimbi. Kuongorora picocrystal yesodium nezvimwe zvinhu. Kudzikisa calcium, magnesium, thorium uye zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi. Mhinduro yakajairika yekuenzanisa potassium permanganate uye cerous sulfate solutions. Bleach. Dye aid. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kubvisa ngura pambatya dziri muindasitiri yekuvaka usati wakwesha madziro ekunze, nekuti alkaline yemadziro yakasimba unofanira kutanga wakwesha oxalic acid alkali.

2. Indasitiri yemishonga inoshandiswa mukugadzira aureomycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, borneol, vhitamini B12, phenobarbital nemimwe mishonga. Indasitiri yekudhinda nekudhaya inoshandiswa serubatsiro rwemavara, bleach, medical intermediate. Indasitiri yepurasitiki yekugadzira PVC, amino plastiki, urea - formaldehyde plastiki.

3. Inoshandiswa sechinhu chinobatsira pakugadzirwa kwe phenolic resin, catalytic reaction iri nyore, maitiro acho akagadzikana, uye nguva yacho yakareba. Acetone oxalate solution inogona kukonzera kuporesa kwe epoxy resin uye kupfupisa nguva yekuporesa. Inoshandiswawo se synthetic urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator. Inogona zvakare kuwedzerwa mu polyvinyl formaldehyde water-soluble adhesive kuti ivandudze kumhanya kwekuomesa uye simba rekubatanidza. Inoshandiswawo se urea formaldehyde resin curing agent, metal ion chelating agent. Inogona kushandiswa se accelerant yekugadzira starch adhesives ne KMnO4 oxidant kuti ikurumidze oxidation rate uye kupfupisa nguva yemhinduro.

Semushonga wekuchena:

Oxalic acid inonyanya kushandiswa semushonga wekuderedza ganda uye semushonga wekuchenesa, inoshandiswa mukugadzira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya neborneol nemimwe mishonga, pamwe nekuchenesa simbi dzisingawanzoonekwi, mushonga wekuderedza dhayi, mushonga wekupisa ganda, nezvimwewo.

Oxalic acid inogonawo kushandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvinokonzeresa cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium, kuchenesa simbi nemabhuru, uye kuchena kwemachira.

Inoshandiswa pakuchenesa nekurapa pamusoro pesimbi, kubvisa zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki, kudhinda nekudhaya machira, kugadzirisa dehwe, kugadzira catalyst, nezvimwewo.

Semushonga wekuderedza:

Muindasitiri yekugadzira organic, inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira hydroquinone, pentaerythritol, cobalt oxalate, nickel oxalate, gallic acid nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari.

Indasitiri yepurasitiki yekugadzira PVC, amino plastiki, urea - formaldehyde plastiki, pendi, nezvimwewo.

Indasitiri yedhayi inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvakasvibira nezvimwewo.

Indasitiri yekudhinda nekudhaya inogona kutsiva acetic acid, inoshandiswa semubatsiri weruvara rwepigment dye, uye bleaching agent.

Indasitiri yemishonga yekugadzira aureomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ephedrine.

Pamusoro pezvo, oxalic acid inogonawo kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zve oxalate ester, oxalate uye oxalamide, uye diethyl oxalate, sodium oxalate, calcium oxalate nezvimwe zvigadzirwa ndizvo zvinonyanya kubereka.

Nzira yekuchengetedza:

1. Vhara munzvimbo yakaoma uye inotonhorera. Inodzivirira hunyoro zvachose, haipindi mvura uye haipindi zuva. Tembiricha yekuchengetera haifanirwe kudarika 40℃.

2. Chengeta kure ne oxides nezvinhu zvine alkaline. Shandisa mabhegi akarukwa ne polypropylene akafukidzwa nemabhegi epurasitiki, 25kg pabhegi.

Kazhinji, oxalic acid ikemikari inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana ine mabasa akawanda mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Hunhu hwayo hunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekuchenesa, kunatsa uye kuchena, uye ine mabasa akawanda mumaindasitiri emachira, kurima uye kugadzira simbi. Zvisinei, matanho ekuchengetedza anofanira kutorwa pakushandisa kemikari iyi, sezvo ine chepfu uye inogona kukuvadza kana ikasabatwa nemazvo.