OXALIC ACID

Oxalic acidchinhu chinowanikwa muvhu.Iyo kemikari fomu ndeye H₂C₂O₄.Icho chigadzirwa chemetabolism yezvipenyu.Iyo ine zvikamu zviviri zvisina simba asidhi.Inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya mumiti, mhuka, uye fungal miviri.Inoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana muzvisikwa zvipenyu zvakasiyana.Naizvozvo, oxalic acid inowanzoonekwa seanopikisa pakutorwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvicherwa.Anhydride yayo inonzi carbon trioxide.

Hunhu:Pepa remonoclinic risina ruvara kana prismatic crystal kana hupfu chena, oxalic acid isinganhuhwi neoxidation, oxalic acid kuravira ne synthesis.Sublimation pa150 ~ 160 ℃.Inogona kuderedzwa mumhepo inopisa yakaoma.1g inonyungudika mumvura 7mL, 2mL mvura iri kufashaira, 2.5mL ethanol, 1.8mL kufashaira ethanol, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, uye isinganyunguriki mubenzene, chloroform nepetroleum ether.0.1mol/L solution ine pH ye1.3.Kuwanda kwehukama (mvura =1) ndeye 1.653.Kunyungudika 189.5 ℃.

Chemical properties:Oxalic acid, inozivikanwawo se glycolic acid, inowanikwa zvakanyanya mukudya kwezvirimwa.Oxalic acid ikristaro isina ruvara, inonyungudika mumvura kwete muzvinonyungudutsa zveorganic senge ether,

Oxalate ine simba rekubatanidza mhedzisiro uye imwe mhando yesimbi chelating agent muchikafu chezvirimwa.Kana oxalic acid inosanganiswa nedzimwe alkaline pasi simbi zvinhu, kunyungudika kwayo kunoderera zvakanyanya, senge calcium oxalate inenge isinganyungudika mumvura.Nokudaro, kuvapo kwe oxalic acid kune simba guru pane bioavailability yemaminerari anokosha;Kana oxalic acid inosanganiswa nedzimwe shanduko dzesimbi zvinhu, soluble complexes inoumbwa nekuda kwekubatana kwekuita kweoxalic acid, uye kunyungudika kwavo kunowedzera zvakanyanya.

Oxalic acid yakatanga kudzikira pa100 ℃, inokurumidza kunyungudutswa pa125 ℃, uye yakanyanya kunyungudika pa157 ℃, ikatanga kuora.

Inogona kuita nealkali, inogona kuburitsa esterification, acyl halogenation, amide reaction.Kuderedza maitiro kunogonawo kuitika, uye decarboxylation maitiro anogona kuitika pasi pekupisa.Anhydrous oxalic acid ndeye hygroscopic.Oxalic acid inoumba ma-soluble complexes ane simbi dzakawanda.

Common oxalate:1, Sodium oxalate;2, Potassium oxalate;3, Calcium oxalate;4, Ferrous oxalate;5, Antimony oxalate;6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate;7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Application:

1. Complexing agent, masking agent, precipitating agent, reducing agent.Iyo inoshandiswa pakugadzika kweberyllium, calcium, chromium, goridhe, manganese, strontium, thorium uye mamwe ions simbi.Picocrystal kuongororwa kwesodium uye zvimwe zvinhu.Precipitate calcium, magnesium, thorium uye zvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu.Yakajairwa mhinduro yecalibration ye potassium permanganate uye cerous sulfate mhinduro.Bleach.Dhayi rubatsiro.Inogonawo kushandiswa kubvisa ngura pazvipfeko muindasitiri yekuvaka pamberi pekukwesha kunze kwemadziro ekunze, nekuti madziro alkaline yakasimba inofanira kutanga kukwesha oxalic acid alkali.

2. Indasitiri yemishonga inoshandiswa mukugadzira aureomycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, borneol, vhitamini B12, phenobarbital nemimwe mishonga.Indasitiri yekudhinda uye yekudhaya inoshandiswa serubatsiro rwemavara, bleach, yepakati yekurapa.Indasitiri yePlastiki yekugadzirwa kwePVC, amino mapurasitiki, urea - formaldehyde mapurasitiki.

3. Inoshandiswa sechigadziriso che phenolic resin synthesis, iyo catalytic reaction ine unyoro, nzira yacho haina kugadzikana, uye nguva ndiyo yakareba.Acetone oxalate mhinduro inogona kukonzera kurapa maitiro epoxy resin uye kupfupisa nguva yekurapa.Inoshandiswawo seyakagadzirwa urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator.Inogona zvakare kuwedzerwa mu polyvinyl formaldehyde mvura-inonyungudika adhesive kuti ivandudze kumhanya kwekuomesa uye kusimba kwekubatanidza.Inoshandiswawo seurea formaldehyde resin kurapa mumiririri, simbi ion chelating agent.Inogona kushandiswa seanokwidziridza kugadzirira starch adhesives neKMnO4 oxidant kumhanyisa mwero weoxidation uye kupfupisa nguva yekuita.

Semumiriri webleaching:

Oxalic acid inonyanya kushandiswa seanoderedza ejenti uye bleach, inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye borneol nemimwe mishonga, pamwe nekunatsa zvisingawanzo simbi zvinonyungudutsa, dhayi inodzikisa agent, tanning agent, nezvimwe.

Oxalic acid inogona zvakare kushandiswa mukugadzira cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium catalysts, kucheneswa kwesimbi nemabhura, nekucheneswa kwemachira.

Inoshandiswa kuchenesa simbi pamusoro uye kurapwa, isingawanzo pasi chinhu kudhirowa, machira kudhinda uye dhayi, kugadzirwa kwematehwe, catalyst kugadzirira, nezvimwe.

Semumiriri wekudzikisa:

Muindasitiri ye organic synthesis inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwehydroquinone, pentaerythritol, cobalt oxalate, nickel oxalate, gallic acid uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari.

Indasitiri yePlastiki yekugadzirwa kwePVC, amino mapurasitiki, urea - formaldehyde mapurasitiki, pendi, nezvimwe.

Indasitiri yedhayi inoshandiswa kugadzira base green uye zvichingodaro.

Indasitiri yekudhinda uye yekudhaya inogona kutsiva acetic acid, inoshandiswa seye pigment dhayi ruvara rubatsiro, bleaching agent.

Indasitiri yemishonga yekugadzira aureomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ephedrine.

Pamusoro pezvo, oxalic acid inogona zvakare kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana oxalate ester, oxalate uye oxalamide zvigadzirwa, uye diethyl oxalate, sodium oxalate, calcium oxalate uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa ndizvo zvakanyanya kugadzira.

Nzira yekuchengetedza:

1. Isa chisimbiso munzvimbo yakaoma uye inotonhorera.Yakanyatso hunyoro-hunyoro, kusapinda kwemvura uye zuva.Tembiricha yekuchengeta haifanirwe kudarika 40 ℃.

2. Ramba kure nemaokisi uye alkaline zvinhu.Shandisa polypropylene mabhegi akarukwa akaiswa mabhegi epurasitiki, 25kg/bhegi.

Pakazere, oxalic acid ikemikari inogoneka uye ine akawanda maapplication mumaindasitiri akasiyana.Zvimiro zvayo zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekuchenesa, kukwenenzvera uye kucheneswa, uye ine akati wandei maapplication mumaindasitiri emachira, egadheni uye ekugadzira simbi.Zvisinei, kuchengetedza kunofanira kutorwa paunenge uchishandisa kemikari iyi, sezvo ine chepfu uye inogona kukuvadza kana ikasabatwa zvakanaka.