I.Indasitiri Overview uye Tekinoroji Advans
Polyacrylamide (PAM), seimwe yeanonyanya kukosha makemikari ekurapa mvura, yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mukuvandudza tekinoroji uye kushandiswa kwemusika mumakore achangopfuura. Zvinoenderana nerezvino musika wekutsvagisa mushumo, musika wepasi rose wePAM wakasvika pamadhora mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emadhora muna 2023 uye unofungidzirwa kuti uchakura kusvika pamadhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri, nekukura kwepagore kwe6.3%. Chikamu chekurapa kwemvura chinodarika makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana ekushandiswa kwese, kushanda semutyairi mukuru wekukura kwemaindasitiri.
1. Mabhindauko muAnionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
Muna 2023, timu yekutsvagisa kubva kuYunivhesiti yeSainzi neTekinoroji yekuChina yakaburitsa zvakakosha zvakawanikwa mu *Mvura Yakasikwa*, ichibudirira kugadzira chinyorwa cheAPAM chine "smart response" maitiro. Ichishandisa tekinoroji yekutsikisa tekinoroji, chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kungoerekana chagadzirisa masisitimu ayo zvichienderana nemhando dzakasvibiswa mumvura, kuvandudza inorema simbi ion kubvisa kunyatsoshanda ne40%, kunyanya yakakodzera kurapwa kwemvura yetsvina yemigodhi. Data remumunda kubva kupurojekiti yekuchenesa mvura yemugodhi wemhangura muJiangxi yakaratidza kuti chinhu ichi chakawana 99.2% copper ion kubviswa uku ichideredza mitengo yekurapa ne35%.
Saizvozvowo, Mitsubishi Chemical yekuJapan yakaunza yakakwira-inodzivirira tembiricha APAM yakatevedzana inochengetedza kuita kwakadzikama pa80-120 ° C, kugadzirisa matambudziko ehunyanzvi mumafuta uye gasi mumunda wemarara. Ichi chigadzirwa chakaratidza kuita kwakasarudzika muSaudi Aramco's oilfield yekuchenesa mvura system, ichimhanyisa floc kukurumidza kuumbwa ne50% uye ichidzikisa nguva yekugara kusvika pazvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvakajairwa zvigadzirwa.
2. Kukwidziridzwa kweTekinoroji muCationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Iyo sludge treatment sector yaona shanduko yekuchinja. Mukutanga kwa2024, BASF yekuGermany yakatanga chizvarwa chitsva chekupedzisira-chakakwirira mamorekuru uremu CPAM chigadzirwa chine huremu hwemamorekuru hunodarika mamirioni makumi maviri eDaltons. Kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuyambuka-yekubatanidza tekinoroji, chigadzirwa ichi chinoumba denser network zvimiro panguva yekudonha kwemvura, kuwana mushure mekubvisa mvura munyoro hunyoro huri pasi pe58% - 10-percentage-point yekuvandudza pane zvakajairwa zvigadzirwa. Mushure mekutora tekinoroji iyi, Paris Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant yakawedzera marara ekugadzirisa ne30% uku ichideredza kushandiswa kwemakemikari ne15%.
Kunyanya kukosha, yekutanga yeDutch yakagadzira biosynthetic CPAM ichishandisa CRISPR gene-editing tekinoroji. Yakagadzirwa kuburikidza neinjiniya *E. coli* kuvirisa, maitiro aya anodzivirira zvachose kushandiswa kweacrylamide monomer, kuderedza chigadzirwa ecotoxicity ne90% uye kucheka kabhoni emissions ne65% panguva yekugadzira. Kunyangwe hazvo mitengo iripo inoramba iri ~ 20% yakakwirira kupfuura nzira dzemakemikari synthesis, zvakakosha zvemakwikwi zvinotarisirwa pakuwana chiyero chekugadzirwa ne2026.
3. Yakawedzerwa Zvishandiso zveNonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM)
NPAM inoratidza mabhenefiti akasiyana mukurapa kwakasarudzika kwemvura. Mukupera kwa2023, Dow Chemical yakaunza pH-sensitive NPAM yakatevedzana inogadzirisa otomatiki yekuwedzera mamorekuru mukati mepH 2-12, ichivandudza nano-scale yakamiswa solids kubatwa kwakanaka ne3-5 nguva. Iyi tekinoroji yakashandiswa zvinobudirira mukugadzirwa kwemvura yeultrapure yeindasitiri yesemiconductor, kuwana mazinga emhando yemvura ye18.2 MΩ·cm.
Vatsvagiri vekuSouth Korea vakagadzira NPAM inooneka-yakajeka-inoshatisa nekuunza azobenzene zvimiro zvikamu. Mapolymer akasara anogona kudzika kuita madiki-morekuru makomisheni mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere pasi pechiedza chechisikigo, achigadzirisa zvachose nyaya dzechinyakare dzePAM. Iyi tekinoroji yakaedzwa mukusarudza Seoul mvura yekunwa zvidyarwa, nekutengesa kunotarisirwa ne2025.
II. Market Dynamics uye Dunhu Rebudiriro
1. Shifts muGlobal Market Landscape
Dunhu reAsia-Pacific rave musika wePAM uri kukurumidza kukurumidza, uchiverengera 46% yekushandiswa kwepasi rose muna 2023, neChina ichipa hukuru hwekukura. Dhata kubva kuChina Petroleum uye Chemical Industry Federation inoratidza kugadzirwa kwePAM kweChina kwakasvika 920,000 matani muna 920,000, nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichichengetedza 15% gore negore kukura-kunyanya kune yepamusoro-yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa zveCPAM, uko kutsamira kunze kwenyika kunoramba kwakakwira kusvika makumi mana%.
Musika weEurope unoratidza maitiro akasiyana. Zvichitungamirirwa nemitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza, biodegradable PAM zvigadzirwa zvakawedzera musika kubva pa8% muna 2020 kusvika pa22% muna 2023. Veolia yeFrance yakazivisa hurongwa hwekutsiva zvizere CPAM nemhando dzegirini panosvika 2026.
Musika wekuNorth America, unotungamirwa nekuvandudzwa kwegasi reshale, unoenderera mberi nekudiwa kwakasimba kweAPAM. US PAM inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakawedzera 18% muna 2023, iine makumi matanhatu muzana inoshandiswa kugadzira mafuta uye gasi kubvisa tsvina yemvura. Zvikuru, Mexico yakabuda senzvimbo nyowani yekugadzira, ine akawanda emarudzi akawanda achigadzira mabhesi ekugadzira emuno.
2. Mitengo uye Supply Chain Dynamics
Kubva 2023 kusvika 2024, PAM mbishi misika yakawana shanduko yakakosha. Acrylamide monomer mitengo yakarova nhoroondo yakakwira muQ3 2023 asi yakadzokera kumazinga anonzwisisika neQ2 2024 sezvo China yakawedzera hutsva hwekugadzira. Nekudaro, cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) mitengo yakaramba ichikwira nekuda kwekusimba kwepropylene oxide kukwira, ichiwedzera mutengo wekugadzira CPAM ne12-15%.
Nezve cheni dzekugovera, vatungamiriri veindasitiri vakamhanyisa kusanganisa kwakatwasuka. Solvay Group yakadyara €300 miriyoni mune itsva yakabatanidzwa yekugadzira base muBelgium, ichigonesa yakazara-maitiro kugadzirwa kubva kuacrylonitrile kusvika kune yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa. Zvinotarisirwa kutanga muna 2025, izvi zvinoderedza mutengo wakakwana ne20%. Mabhizinesi madiki neari pakati akachinjira kuenda kuhunyanzvi - semuenzaniso, Italmatch yeItaly yakatarisana nekugadzira maumbirwo akasarudzika eAPAM ekubvisa mvura yegungwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-09-2025