Polyurethane chinhu chitsva chakakosha chemakemikari. Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, inozivikanwa se "purasitiki yechishanu pakukura". Kubva kufenicha, mbatya, kusvika pakufambisa, kuvaka, mitambo, uye kuvaka kwendege nekudzivirira nyika, zvinhu zvepolyurethane zvinowanikwa kwose kwose inomiririra zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari uye rutsigiro rwakakosha kunyika yangu pakuvaka nyika ine simba.
Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi maviri ekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nepolyurethane, yakaratidza kuchinja kubva pakuchinja kwehuwandu kuenda kuhunhu. Tekinoroji yekugadzira uye kugona kwekugadzira kweisocyanate zvakatungamira pasi rose. Yapinda munguva yekusimudzirwa kwetekinoroji iyo yapinda mukuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwepamusoro. Parizvino, China yave nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo pasi rose yekugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nepolyurethane, pamwe nedunhu rakakwana kwazvo mumunda wekushandiswa kwepolyurethane.
Sechinhu chakakosha chekuwedzera polyurethane, zvinhu zvinosimudzira kuwedzera polyurethane zvinhu zvinogona kuita zvinoenderana nemaitiro eboka rinoshanda pamutsara wepolymer cheni kuti zviwedzere molecular chain uye zviwedzere huremu hwemolecular. Chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zve polyurethane. Mukugadzira zvinhu zve polyurethane, zvinhu zvinosimudzira kuwedzera polyurethane zvinogona kuita maitiro maviri emakemikari: kuwedzera uye kubatanidza kuti uwane kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro, kwemhando yepamusoro kwepolyurethane, senge kuwedzera kusimba, kusimba, uye mwero wekubuda kwezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane, uye mwero wekubuda. Fizikisi nemakemikari mashandiro akazara ekudzivirira tembiricha, kudzivirira mafuta, kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze uye kudzivirira ngura.
一, Basa uye kupatsanurwa kwemushonga wekuwedzera cheni yepolyurethane
Mushonga wekuwedzera wePolyurethane unoreva mamorekuru mashoma amine nemakemikari ane alcohol ane mapoka maviri anoshanda, anogona kugadzira polymer yemhando yemutsara kuburikidza nekuita kwekuwedzera kwecheni. Nekushandisa macheni akasiyana ekuwedzera, kana kushandura fomura yekuwedzera cheni, maitiro emakemikari emazinga akasiyana anowanikwa, uye zvinhu zvepolyurethane zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushanda zvinogadzirwa.
Basa rezvinhu zvinoshandisa polyurethane chain expansion mu polyurethane synthesis reactions rinonyanya kusanganisira:
(1) Polyurethane chain expansion agent ine boka rayo (amino ne hydroxyl group) rinogona kuita makemikari ne isocyanate. Kurema kwemamorekuru uye reaction ine hupenyu zvinogona kuita kuti polyurethane reaction system ikurumidze kukura kana kuoma, kugadzira mutsetse une huremu hukuru hwemamorekuru. Mamorekuru ane mashandiro akafanana ne polymer.
(2) Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvekuwedzera cheni zvine reactivity yakasiyana. Nekushandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvinosimudzira cheni uye dosage, gadzirisa reactor viscosity, mamorekuru uye morphological structures kuti zvienderane nekugadzirwa kwepolyurethane uye zvigadzirwa zvemasisitimu akasiyana uye zvinodiwa nemhando.
(3) Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopa polyurethane zvinhu zvinogona kupa polyurethane zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye mamwe mapoka akasiyana-siyana mumamorekuru ekuwedzera cheni anounzwa muketani huru ye polyurethane, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandiro emakemikari uye mashandiro emakemikari e polyurethane, akadai sekudzivirira simba nekukwesha, Kudzivirira kuneta, kuramba tembiricha, kuramba mamiriro ekunze, kuramba mafuta, kuramba ngura, nezvimwewo.
Zvinhu zvinopa polyurethane expansion zvinowanzokamurwa kuita amine, alcohol, uye alcohol. Kubva pakushandiswa kwema process systems uye performance structures, dilate ne diol zvinonyanya kuenderana ne process system uye performance structure. Zvinhu zvinopa dilate-type chain dilatation agents zvakaita se ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, uye one-shrinkable dihydramol, nezvimwewo, zvine performance shoma kune polyurethane products, uye zvinhu zvinopa expansion chain expansion agent zvakajairika. Chinhu chinopa expansion agent chine performance yakajeka yezvinhu zve polyurethane chinonyanya kuumbwa muzvikamu zviviri: aromatic dihanramine ne aromatic diol. Chinonzi high-performance chain expansion agent. Chinoratidzwa ne rigid benzene ring. Simba, abrasion resistance, medium resistance nezvimwe zvinhu.
Mushonga wekuwedzera we diharamine hausi chinhu chakakosha chete pakugadzira zvinhu zve polyurethane elastic series. Mushonga wekuwedzera we polyurethane chain wakapararira, wakaipa, uye wakakura kupfuura mimwe yese.
Matumbu epurasitiki epurasitiki anodururwa nepolyurethane anowanzo gadziriswa nenzira yematanho maviri, kureva kuti, ma "synthetic premature bodies", uye ozogadziriswa ne "chain expansion agents" kuti asimbiswe. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe "isocyanate", "premature reaction" inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dzeTDI neMDI. Zvichienzaniswa nembiri idzi, "TDI premature reaction activity" yakaderera, uye inonyanya kuenzaniswa ne "amine chain expansion agents" dzinoshanda zvakanyanya; "MDI premature reaction activity" yakakura, uye "hydroxy-based chain expansion agent" ine "low active hydroxyl-based seal". Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nekushandiswa uye mashandiro echigadzirwa, zvakakosha kusarudza "chain expansion agent" yakakodzera mushure mekusarudza mushure merudzi rwe "isocyanate".
二、Midziyo yekuwedzera kwecheni yepolyurethane ine mashandiro akakwirira uye hunhu hwekushandisa
2.1 Chinhu chikuru chinowedzera simba rekuwedzera ketani ye dihan amine
Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka uye mhando yepamusoro, mushonga wekuwedzera dihamine unonhuhwirira ndiwo unonyanya kushandiswa uye unonyanya kushandiswa mukuwedzera cheni muzvinhu zve polyurethane elastic.
Zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakuwedzera aromatic dianramine zvinosanganisira 3, 3′-dichlori-4, 4′-diodes (MOCA: type I, type Ⅱ, high tembiricha resistance, nezvimwewo), 1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate) (740m), 4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl ether Diol two-pair aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P-250, nezvimwewo), 3,5-two ethylene torneramine (DETDA, inozivikanwawo seE-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, inozivikanwawo seE-300) nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.
Pfupiso yehunhu hwekushandisa uye kukura kwezvigadzirwa zvikuru ndeizvi:
MOCA chain expansion agent ndiyo yekutanga yehunyanzvi yepamusoro-soro yakaisa mari mukugadzira maindasitiri munyika yangu. Inogara yakasimba patembiricha yemumba. Ine hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane zvinogona kushandiswa maererano nekuchengetedzeka uye nyore, izvo zvinogona kusangana nehunhu hwakasiyana-siyana uye maumbirwo. Kusimba kwe polyurethanes kwakasimba, kusimba kwakanyanya, kuramba kupfeka zvakanyanya, kuramba kurwisa zvine simba, kuramba ngura nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakwana. Inogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakakura. Inoshanda zvakakwana ye aromatic dilate expansion agents. Kubva pakatanga DuPont muma1950, MOCA yave nechinzvimbo chakakosha mumunda we polyurethane elasticity. Parizvino ndiyo yakakura kupfuura dzose polyurethane chain expansion agent. Inotonyanya kukosha mumunda wedururira polyurethane elasticity. Parizvino, vagadziri veMOCA vanozivikanwa muChina ndevanotevera: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (kambani yeJiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (yaimbova Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., pamusoro pezvo, kune Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co., Ltd., naKatshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
Mumakore achangopfuura, vachitungamirirwa nemakambani ekuChina, tekinoroji yekugadzira MOCA yakawedzera kufambira mberi. Semuenzaniso, Xiangyuan New Materials yakakunda dambudziko rehutano hwevashandi, kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, uye kusagadzikana kwakakwana kwekugadzirwa kwehydrogenation yehydrogenation yehydrogenation yehydrogenation yehydrogenation. Nzira iyi inoenderera mberi inosimudzira hydrogenation yeacoustics yakachena uye maitiro ekugadzira MOCA, zvichiita otomatiki, zvakazara, kugadzira green, kugadzira solvents, isina guruva, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye zero emissions. Mudziyo wekugadzira MOCA unoenderera mberi wave mugadziri wezvigadzirwa anozivikanwa pasi rose we polyurethane chain expansion agent.
Pamusoro pezvo, Xiangyuan New Materials yakagadzirawo Xylink740M neXylink P series expansion agents, zvichiita kuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvibudirire, zvichikurudzira vagadziri vezvinhu zvepolyurethane kuti vavandudze mhando, vaderedze mari, uye vawedzere mashandisirwo azvo.
2.2 Chinhu chikuru chinowedzera kunhuhwirira kwe diol dilateral
Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuwedzera aromatic diol zvinosanganisira phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), uye hydroxyethyl-based phenolic pyrodhenol mixture (HQEE-L), Hydroxyethylhhexybenol mixture (HER-L), nezvimwewo, zvinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zve polyurethane zveMDI process systems, iyo isiri chepfu uye inosvibisa chain expansion agent. Ongororo yehunhu hwekushandisa uye kukura kwezvigadzirwa zvikuru ndeiyi inotevera:
HQEE chain expansion agent imhando yemolecule symmetrical aromatic diol expansion agent. Ichinhu chakasimba, hachina chepfu, hachina kusvibiswa, uye hachifadzi. Inoenderana zvakanaka neMDI uye inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwechinhu chacho. Xiangyuan New Materials yakagadzira HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L series chain expansion agents. Hunhu hwayo hwakakwira kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvakafanana kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.
2.3 Zvimwe zvinhu zvinopa simba rekuwedzera cheni yezvinonhuwira zvine mashandiro akakosha
Nekukura kweminda yepolyurethane iri kubuda, mishonga mitsva yekuwedzera polyurethane uye tekinoroji yekushandisa zvave zvichikurudzirwa nguva dzose kuti zvigutse kudiwa kwemusika wepolyurethane. Makambani ekugadzira akagadzira mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yekuwedzera mishonga yepolyurethane inoshanda zvakanaka.
Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) iketani yekuwedzera ine mabara maviri amino isina amino, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira machira asina kunyunguduka kana akasimba. Kana tichienzanisa nemapurasitiki akajairwa ekupfapfaidza, chigadzirwa ichi chine mhinduro iri pakati nepakati, mashandiro akanaka, kushanda zvakanaka pakuvaka, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo kwechigadzirwa. Chine kupenya kwakanaka uye mhedzisiro inooneka nemapolycoges mukugadzira fatty chloride polycisotripocyanate, kuchinjika kwakanaka uye hunhu hwemakanika, shanduko dzeyero dzinoramba yero, kuramba ngura kwakanaka, kuramba mamiriro ekunze akanaka, uye dziviriro yakareba. Kuwedzera kumabhiriji, matunnel, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzepasi nezviratidzo zvemugwagwa, chinogona zvakare kushandiswa muzvishandiso zvepamusoro senge machira ekudzivirira uye machira eganda ane helikoputa ane maburi emagetsi emhepo. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekusimudzirwa kwechigadzirwa ichi kuchabatsira kukura kwemhando yepamusoro kwemachira.
Kupararira (311) kwe aromatic diharamine uye sodium chloride compounds (311) rudzi rwekuwirirana kwe aromatic diharamine ne inorganic salts. Inogona kuenzaniswa nemhando dzakasiyana dze polyurethane pre-polystants patembiricha yemumba. Inonyanya kukodzera maumbirwo akaomarara kana makuru. Zvigadzirwa zvemunzvimbo, microwave vulcanization, nezvimwe zviitiko zvinoda nguva yakareba yekushanda, zvinogonawo kushandiswa se epoxy resin. Zvigadzirwa zvakafanana zvinosanganisira Caytur 31DA muUnited States, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan New Materials.
Zvimwe zvinorapa pasi pemvura zvakaita seoxidazole, ketone amine, nezvimwewo zvinogona kuderedza mukana wekuputira kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa kuti zvigadzire mabhuru muboka repakati rekuporesa, uye zvine mukana wekuvandudzwa.
三、Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwevamiririri vekuwedzera cheni yepolyurethane
Indasitiri yekuwedzera polyurethane munyika yangu ine hwaro husina kusimba hwebudiriro. Kare, musika wekuwedzera polyurethane chain wagara uchitongwa nemakambani emarudzi akawanda. Kubva zvapinda muzana rino remakore, boka remakambani ekuwedzera polyurethane chain anomiririrwa neXiangyuan New Materials akabudirira kuputsa mamonopoli ekunze mushure memakore eR & D nekuunganidza tekinoroji. Zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvekuwedzera polyurethane chain zvenyika yangu zvasvika padanho rezvigadzirwa zvakafanana zvepasi rose.
Semushonga wekuwedzera weamine polyurethane wakakura, maitiro ekugadzira eMOCA akakura, akagadzikana, ane mwero, uye akakodzera. Mundima yekudurura muviri we elastic mukushandiswa kwepasi, kunyanya sisitimu yeTDI, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane hwakaunganidza huwandu hwakawanda hwemafomula akakura ezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane fomura yakakura Essence Kugadzikana uye mashandiro eMOCA akaedzwa mushure memakore mazhinji emusika nekushandiswa kwevatengi. Mutengo wacho wakakwira. Mushure memakore ekushandiswa, chimwe chipingamupinyi chemaitiro chakaumbwa. Chine basa risingatsiviwi, uye nzvimbo yekushandisa iri kuramba ichikura.
European Chemical Administration, sesangano rinotarisira chitupa cheEU Reach, yakaburitsa mushumo musi wa30 Mbudzi 2017. Mushure mekuenzanisa njodzi dzekuchengetedza, mashandiro, uye mitengo, yakakurudzira kuti mumunda we polyurethane elastic body, mhando yechigadzirwa cheMOCA Kushanda, kushanda zvakanaka kwemutengo nezvimwe zvakanakira zvinoshamisa, uye parizvino hapana dzimwe nzira.
Indasitiri yekuwedzera polyurethane yekuChina yakatanga kunonoka. Mumazuva ekutanga, nekuda kwedanho rakaderera rekugadzira tekinoroji, kushomeka kwekutsigira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, uye tarenda reR & D risina kukwana, musika wekuwedzera polyurethane chain wemuno waive wakatorerwa makambani epasi rose. Kusvika kuma1990, vagadziri vakawanda vekuwedzera polyurethane chain vemuno vakabudirira kuputsa tekinoroji yekunze mushure memakore eR & D uye kuunganidza tekinoroji, uye mashandiro ezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekuwedzera polyurethane chain agent akasvika padanho rezvigadzirwa zvepasi rese zvakafanana. Kunyanya, zvinhu zvitsva zveXiangyuan zvakatungamira mukuvaka mudziyo wekugadzira MOCA unoenderera mberi we10,000-ton-level. Hunhu hwechigadzirwa uye danho rehunyanzvi zvakasvika padanho repamusoro uye repamusoro repasi rose. Parizvino, vagadziri veMOCA vemuno vakakwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveionamine yemahara. MOCA ine granular uye MOCA inochinja yero-yero muzvigadzirwa zveMOCA series zvinofarirwa neindasitiri yepolyurethane.
"Hurongwa hweMakore Gumi Nembiri hwe" Hurongwa hweMakore Gumi Nembiri hweMakore Mashanu" hweindasitiri yepolyurethane hunokurudzira kuti pamusoro pekuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzirwa kweMOCA yekuwedzera cheni yepamusoro, kusimudzirwa nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvekuwedzera cheni MCDEA, E-100, HER, HQEE nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa. Zvichibva pazvigadzirwa zveMOCA series, nekusiyana kwezvinhu zvepolyurethane nezvigadzirwa, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvekuwedzera cheni zvakabudawo, zvichigadzira chimiro chakasiyana nezvigadzirwa zveMOCA.
Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwekutsvaga nekuvandudza tekinoroji, zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvemaketani ekuwedzera ane aromatic ane simba guru zvine zvakanakira mukumhanya kwekupindura, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, kushanda, kuchengetedzeka uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kushandiswa kwacho kwakura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye huwandu hwekushandisa huri kuramba huchiwedzera. Semuenzaniso, P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwegirini, hune hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza, husina chepfu, zvishoma nezvishoma yakavhura musika wekushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuvandudzwa nekukura kweMDI system ine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza, chiyero chekushandiswa kwemaketani ekuwedzera aromatic diol ane simba guru akadai seHQEE neHER ane hukama huri nani uye anoenderana neMDI system chakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichipa polyurethane elasticity yakanaka kwazvo. Mashandiro chaiwo akadai sekudzivirira kupisa uye simba rekubvarura. Kuwedzera pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekudira, inogona zvakare kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvethermoplastic elastomic zvine simba guru, zvinogona kuderedzwa. Munzvimbo dzekushandisa dzine zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zve polyurethane zvinhu munyika dzakabudirira uye zvimwe zvinhu zve polyurethane, maketani ekuwedzera akadai se740m, HQEE, HER ari kuwedzera kushandiswa. Mushonga mutsva wekuwedzera cheni une zvakanakira zvakasiyana muzvikamu zvakasiyana, uye chiyero chehunyanzvi chakakwira. Parizvino, musika wemuno uchiri muchikamu chekusimudzira mashandisirwo.
四、Maitiro ekuvandudza indasitiri yekuwedzera cheni yepolyurethane
Indasitiri yepolyurethane kuNorth America neWestern Europe yaunganidza makumi emakore ebudiriro. Indasitiri iyi ine simba guru rehunyanzvi muindasitiri, uye musika wacho wakura. Panguva imwe chete, vatengi munzvimbo idzi vane zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvekushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvepolyurethane, uye kudiwa kwezvishandiso zvitsva zvekuwedzera cheni kunokurumidza kupfuura MOCA. Parizvino, nyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seEurope neUnited States ndidzo dzine chikamu chikuru chekudiwa kwezvishandiso zvitsva zvekuwedzera cheni.
Kushandiswa kukuru kwepolyurethane munharaunda yeAsia-Pacific nedzimwe nyika dziri kusimukira kuri kuva chinhu chikuru chinotungamira kudiwa kwepolyurethane pasi rose. Pakati pavo, nharaunda yeAsia-Pacific ndiyo yatove musika mukuru wevatengi vepolyurethane pasi rose, ichitora chikamu chinosvika 48% chemusika wepasi rose; dzimwe nyika dziri kusimukira dzakadai seIndia, Brazil, Mexico, nezvimwewo, kudiwa kwepolyurethane muzvivakwa, zvinhu zvekuvaka, fenicha yemumba nedzimwe nzvimbo kuri kuwedzerawo. Zvisinei, zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States, dzimwe dzenzvimbo idzi dziri muchikamu chekutanga cheindasitiri. Dzinonyanya kukoshesa mutengo wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa muindasitiri yepolyurethane uye dzinonyanya kutarisisa mashandiro emutengo nemitengo. Mune ramangwana, mune ramangwana, nzvimbo iyi icharamba ichinyanya kudiwa kweMOCA dzinodhura zvakanyanya.
Parizvino, makambani makuru ekuwedzera polyurethane pasi rose, akadai seKazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., United States Air Chemical (Winchuang acquisition muna 2016), uye United States Coco (yakatengwa naLangsheng muna 2017), nezvimwewo, akatonga pasi rose. Chikamu chikuru chemusika chemakambani ekuwedzera cheni, mamwe makambani madiki asina kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekutsvagisa hweyunivhesiti, akabviswa nekuda kwehunhu hwechigadzirwa nemutengo, uye huwandu hweindasitiri yekuwedzera cheni hwakawedzera. Panguva imwecheteyo, makambani makuru anovimbawo nesimba rakasimba remari uye ruzivo rwekutsvagisa nekusimudzira kuti awedzere zvinhu zvehunyanzvi uye huwandu hwekugadzira zvigadzirwa, uye kugadzira nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzepasi rose dze monopoly hombe dzekutengesa nenzvimbo dzeR & D munzvimbo dzine zviwanikwa zvakanaka, misika, nemamiriro ebasa.
5. Mamiriro aripo iye zvino uye nhungamiro yekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekuwedzera polyurethane
Sechinowedzerwa chakakosha chezvinhu zve polyurethane, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa zve polyurethane zvinonyanya kushandiswa muCASE system (kusanganisira machira, manamira, sealing uye elastic bodies) muzvinhu zve polyurethane. Pakati pazvo, polyurethane elastic body ipolymer synthetic material pakati pe general rabber nepurasitiki. Ine elasticity yakanyanya yerabha uye kuomarara kwakanyanya uye simba rakakwirira repurasitiki. Kashanu kusvika kugumi), ine mukurumbira we "mambo werabha isingatsvedzi" uye ine simba rakanaka remakanika, resistance yemafuta, resistance yemakemikari, resistance yekutenderera uye resistance yakanaka yekudziya tembiricha yakaderera uye insulation performance. Kuwedzera kune thermoplastic pouring type uye thermoplastic polyurethane elastic body, polyurethane elastic body material inosanganisirawo manamira, machira, sealing, paving materials, sole, synthetic dehwe, fiber, nezvimwewo zvinova elastic polyurethane materials. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwetechnical level, polyurethane elastic yakatsiviwa murabha, mapurasitiki, nesimbi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzakadai semota, migodhi, kudhinda, zvishandiso, michina yekugadzirisa, mitambo, uye kutakurwa.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hunobva kumasangano akakodzera, kushandiswa kwepurasitiki yepurasitiki yeChinese (elastic body, coatings, synthetic dehwe, sealing uye glues) muna 2021 kwaive matani mamiriyoni 7.77, uye avhareji yekukura kwegore negore kwe11.5% muna 2016-2021 yaive 11.5%.
Kusimba kwepolyurethane yekuChina muna 2016 kwaive matani 925,000, uye kubuda muna 2021 kwakasvika matani mamiriyoni 1.5, nekukura kwegore negore kwe10.2%; avhareji yekukura kwegore negore kwekushandiswa kwaive 12.5%. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2025, kubuda kwemuviri wepolyurethane elastic wenyika yangu kuchasvika matani mamiriyoni 2.059, izvo zvicharamba zvichiri kukura nekukurumidza.
Pasi rose, kugadzirwa kwepolyurethane elastomers pasi rose kwakasvika matani mamiriyoni 2.52 muna 2016 uye matani mamiriyoni 3.539 muna 2021, nekukura kwemwaka we7.0%. Pakazosvika 2025, kugadzirwa kwepolyurethane elastomer pasi rose kunotarisirwa kusvika matani mamiriyoni 4.495, zvichiratidza kukura nekukurumidza uye kwakasimba.
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) ine simba guru rekupfeka. Simba rayo rekusunga rakareba, rakareba, rinodzivirira mafuta, rinodzivirira kupisa kwakaderera, rinodzivirira mamiriro ekunze, uye rinorwisa ozone, uye kuomarara kwaro kwakakura. Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kweTPU pamusika kwakawedzera kubva muindasitiri yeshangu kusvika kuminda yepamusoro-soro yemusika yakadai semishonga, ndege, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, kubva muna 2014 kusvika 2021, avhareji yekukura kweTPU pagore muChina yaive yakakwira kusvika 14.5%. Muna 2021, TPU inoburitswa munyika yangu yaive matani angangoita 645,000. Nyika yangu yave nyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose inogadzirwa TPU. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoburitswa uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore achangopfuura.
Kubva pamaonero ekuda kwezviwanikwa, musika wepasi rose weTPU uri muEurope, United States, uye Asia-Pacific regions. Pakati pawo, dunhu reAsia rinotungamirwa neChina ndiro musika wedunhu unokurumidza kupfuura mimwe yese mukushandiswa kweTPU pasi rose. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hweElastic Special Committee yeChina Polyurethane Industry Association, kushandiswa kwese kwezvigadzirwa zvepolyurethane munyika yangu muna 2018 kwakasvika matani mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe nehafu, ayo kushandiswa kwepolyurethane elastomers (TPU+CPU) kwaive matani angangoita mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe.
TPU ichiri chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvine kukura nekukurumidza kwepolyurethane munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Nyika yangu yave nyika huru pane dzose dzevatengi veTPU pasi rose. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, avhareji yekukura kwegore negore kwehuwandu hwekushandisa TPU muChina muna 2017-2021 yaive yakakwira kusvika 12.9%, iyo huwandu hwese hwekushandiswa muna 2021 hwaive matani 602,000, kuwedzera kwe11.6% pagore. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kweTPU pasi rose kwematani 1.09 miriyoni muna 2021, kushandiswa kweTPU yemuno kwakapfuura hafu yepasi rose. Mune ramangwana, zvinodiwa zvezvishandiso zveshangu, firimu, mapaipi, uye waya zvichave zvakasimba. Muminda yemidziyo yekurapa, waya dzetambo, uye firimu, ichatsiva zvinhu zvePVC zvechinyakare. Zvingangoita kuti EVA itsive mumunda wezvishandiso zveshangu. Zvinotarisirwa kuti TPU icharamba iri 10 mune ramangwana 10 10 %Kana kuwedzera kukura. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kushandiswa kwayo kuchasvika matani angangoita 900,000 panosvika gore ra2026.
Nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwehuwandu hwekugadzirwa, mutengo wezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane elastic waderera, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzawanda, kudiwa kwemusika kwavandudzika, uye kukura kwemaindasitiri kuri kukurumidza. Munguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore Gumi Nemana Chegumi Nemana", indasitiri yeCase inofanira kukurudzira zvikuru kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa nenzira yemvura, isina solvent, uye yakasimba; kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kweCASE nekugadzirwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira zvinhu zvepakutanga, kutarisa pakushandiswa kwepolytianmen water-to-pyrodramine polyphonus; kutarisa pakuita tsvakurudzo yedzidziso yemvura uye tekinoroji yeinjiniya; kuvandudza mashandiro ezvigadzirwa, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva, kuwedzera munda wekushandisa, uye kukurudzira kuvaka kwezvivakwa zvitsva mukufambisa njanji, mugwagwa mukuru, mugero webhiriji, kutumirwa kwesimba, nezvimwewo. Uye kushandiswa kwemunda wekurapa; kukurudzira kushandiswa kwetekinoroji kwepolyurethane adhesives kuti isave formaldehyde kuwedzera maplate ekugadzira; kugadzira zvigadzirwa zveammonia zvakasiyana, zvinoshanda, uye zvine kukosha kwepamusoro; kusimbisa tekinoroji yekutsvaga nekushandisa yepolyurethane isina mvura, mashandiro, nguva yekugara; Kukurudzira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvepolyurethane muzvivakwa zvakagadzirwa kare.
Nzira huru dzekuvandudza munda we elastomer ndeidzi:
Ma elastomer epolyurethane emotokari. Indasitiri yemotokari yanhasi iri kufambira mberi ichienda kumabasa epamusoro, emhando yepamusoro, huremu hushoma, nyaradzo uye kuchengetedzeka. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nerabha nepurasitiki zviri kutsiva zvishoma nezvishoma zvinhu zvesimbi, izvo zvinovhura mukana wakakura wekushandiswa kwe polyurethane elastomers.
Ma elastomer epolyurethane ekuvaka. Zvinhu zvechinyakare zvinonzwa semvura zvakatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nezvinhu zve polyurethane zvisingapindi mvura zvinogara kwenguva refu; Kushandiswa kwenzira yemitambo ye polyurethane kuri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo dzinobatanidza mabhiriji makuru, njanji inomhanya, nhandare yendege uye caulking yemugwagwa mukuru zvinogadzirwawo zvishoma nezvishoma ne elastomer yePVC inosimbiswa patembiricha yemukamuri.
Polyurethane elastomer yekushandisa mumigodhi. Pane kudiwa kukuru kwezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvine simba guru uye zvinoramba kupera, zvinosimba uye zvinochinjika mumigodhi yemarasha, simbi uye zvisiri zvesimbi.
Polyurethane elastomer yeshangu. Kusimba kwePolychloride ester kune zvakanakira kushanda zvakanaka kwebuffering, huremu hushoma, kusakara, kusamira kweskid, nezvimwewo, kwave chinhu chakakosha chinotsigira muindasitiri yeshangu.
Polyurethane elastomer inoshandiswa pakurapa. Kuenderana zvakanaka kwemuviri, kuenderana kweropa uye kusawedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekushandisa TPU neCPU mukurapa. Kushandiswa kwayo mukurapa nezvehutano kwakakura kwazvo.
Pepa idzva repolyurethane composite. Tekinoroji yezvinhu zvakasanganiswa inotarisirwa kuunza nguva itsva yekukura kwemusika we polyurethane elastomers.
六、Indasitiri yekuwedzera cheni yePolyurethane "Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana" maitiro ekuvandudza
Kubva pamaonero epasi rose, kukura nekukurumidza kwenzvimbo yekuvaka, indasitiri yemotokari, michina yemagetsi, maindasitiri esimba idzva uye ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza kwakonzera kudiwa kukuru kwezvigadzirwa zvepolyurethane. Makambani makuru epolyurethane pasi rose ari kuramba achivandudza tekinoroji nekushandiswa, uye acharamba achikurudzira kugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvepolyurethane. Nekuwedzera kwezvigadzirwa zvepolyurethane mumunda uye mumusika wepasi rose, kudiwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvigadzirwa zvepolyurethane kuchasimudzira kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi nekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepolyurethane chain.
Mumakore gumi anotevera, kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuchakurawo nekukurumidza. Nyanzvi dzeindasitiri dzinoongorora kuti kudiwa kwe polyurethane pasi rose kuchawedzera ne4.5% pagore. Pakati pavo, avhareji yekukura kwegore negore kwezvinodiwa zve polyurethane inofungidzirwa kuva 5.7% muminda yefiriji, shangu, machira, nzvimbo dzekuzorora nedzimwe nzvimbo. Kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa kwawedzera zvishoma, uye kunotarisirwa kuva ne3.3% pagore. Nyika dziri kusimukira mudunhu reAsia-Pacific dzakatsigirwa netekinoroji itsva yekuwedzera mashandisirwo ari pasi, uye kudiwa kwe polyurethanes kuchasvika padanho rekukura kaviri gore rega rega.
Sezvinhu zvakakosha zveindasitiri yepolyurethane, indasitiri yekuwedzera polyurethane yenyika yangu inofanira kushandisa pfungwa itsva yekuvandudza. Pasi apa, dingindira rekusimudzira kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yepolyurethane yemhando yepamusoro, negwara rekusimudzira indasitiri yepolyurethane kuti kukurumidzise kuvaka kwemaitiro matsva ekuvandudza e "dual -cycle", achitarisa pakushandura kwegirini, kabhoni shoma, uye digital. , Kurumidza kuvaka sisitimu yemazuva ano yeindasitiri, kukurudzira "zvikanganiso" zvezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, "kutora matekinoroji makuru", "vhura mugwagwa mutsva" muzvigadzirwa zvechinyakare, uye kukurudzira nyika yangu kuti ibve papolyurethane kuenda kunyika yakasimba.
Parizvino, polyurethane chain extender yave imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zve polyurethane pakugadzira mapurojekiti makuru ezvivakwa zvenyika. Indasitiri ye polyurethane chain extender iri kuwedzera mari yekudyara muzvinhu zvitsva, ichivandudza kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kushanda zvakanaka uye mhando yepamusoro. Zvichitarisa zvinodiwa nendege, ruzivo rwemagetsi, simba idzva, mota, njanji dzinomhanya zvakanyanya, mafambiro echitima, migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji makuru, hutano neindasitiri dzekudzivirira nyika, kushandurwa nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hutsva hwe polyurethane chain extender zviri kukurumidziswa kuti zvivandudze huwandu hwebudiriro yeindasitiri ye polyurethane.
Nzira yekuvandudza indasitiri ye polyurethane chain extender ndeyekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, zvegreen chain extender zvine mashandiro ekuchengetedza nharaunda. Hazvina kuchena uye hazvina kusvibiswa chete mukugadzirwa, asiwo zvakachengeteka uye zvakasvibira mukushandiswa kwekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane. Chechipiri, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zve chain extender zviripo, kuitira kuti chain extender yehunyanzvi iripo izere nesimba idzva rekushandisa. Mwero wetekinoroji wemamwe mabhizinesi e polyurethane chain extender emuno wakaenzana newemakambani emarudzi akawanda, asi tsvakiridzo yakawanda yekushandiswa inodiwa kuti vashandisi vakawanda vaone kunaka kwezvigadzirwa, kunyanya kukurudzira zvigadzirwa zve liquid aromatic diamine zvine mashandiro ari nyore uye mashandiro akanaka, uye kushandisa synergistic effect ye chain extender kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kushandiswa nemutengo. Chechitatu ndechekuwedzera kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemusika, kupa zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera uye zvemhando yepamusoro zveindasitiri ye polyurethane, kusangana nezvinodiwa nemusika wepasi uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekushandiswa.
Pazvinhu zve polyurethane elastic, chain extender chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha chine huwandu hwakawanda uye kukosha kwakawedzerwa, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru pakuvandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mune zvimwe zvinhu zve polyurethane uye kunyange mapurasitiki efoam, polyurethane chain extender ine mhedzisiro yakajeka pakuvandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa. Muindasitiri ye polyurethane, nzvimbo yemusika ye polyurethane chain extender yakakura. Kuti tikurudzire uye kutungamira budiriro yepamusoro yeindasitiri ye polyurethane, zvakakosha kusimbisa tsvakiridzo yekushandisa uye kukwidziridzwa kwe polyurethane chain extender, uye kugadzira mhando dziri nani uye dzakawanda dze polyurethane chain extender pasi pepfungwa yekuteerera hutano, kuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedzeka uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mashandiro ekushandisa, kuitira kuti tipe mupiro mukuru kuhupenyu hwevanhu huri nani.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-08-2023