Sumo pfupi:
Aniline, inozivikanwawo seaminobenzene, imusanganiswa weorganic une fomura yemakemikari C6H7N. Imvura isina ruvara yemafuta inotanga kuora kana yapiswa kusvika 370℃. Kunyangwe ichinyungudika zvishoma mumvura, aniline inonyungudika nyore nyore mu ethanol, ether, nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zveorganic. Musanganiswa uyu une mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yemaamine akakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.
Hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari:
Kuwanda: 1.022g/cm3
Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka: -6.2℃
Pokufashaira: 184℃
Pokupenya kwechiedza: 76℃
Chiratidzo cheRefractive: 1.586 (20℃)
Chitarisiko: Mvura inoonekera isina ruvara kusvika yero yakajeka
Kunyungudika: inonyungudika zvishoma mumvura, inonyungudika mu ethanol, ether, benzene
Kushandiswa:
Imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekushandisa aniline ndeyekugadzira madhayi. Kugona kwayo kugadzira makemikari ane mavara kana ikasanganiswa nemamwe makemikari kunoita kuti ive yakanaka pakugadzira madhayi ane simba uye anogara kwenguva refu. Madhayi eaniline anoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira machira, mapurasitiki, uye zvigadzirwa zvedehwe. Nekushandisa madhayi akavakirwa paaniline, vagadziri vanogona kuwana mavara akasiyana-siyana anodzivirira kupera, vachiona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinoramba zvichitaridzika zvakanaka nekufamba kwenguva.
Pamusoro pezvo, aniline inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemishonga nemishonga. Sechinhu chinovaka zvakawanda mumakemikari echisikigo, aniline inoshanda senzvimbo yekutanga mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yakawanda. Makambani emishonga anovimba nezvinobuda muaniline kugadzira mishonga yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Kugona kugadzirisa chimiro cheaniline kunoita kuti vaongorori vagadzire mishonga ine mhedzisiro yekurapa inodiwa.
Uyezve, aniline inoshandiswa mukugadzira maresini. Maresini akakosha mukugadzira mapurasitiki, manamati, uye machira. Nekuisa aniline muchimiro cheresin, vagadziri vanowedzera simba, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuchinjika kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Izvi zvinogonesa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvinogona kumira mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara uye zvinopa hupenyu hurefu.
Kushanda nesimba kweAniline kunopfuura madhayi, mishonga, uye maresini. Inoshandiswawo semuchina wekukurumidzisa rabha. Zvigadzirwa zverabha, zvakaita sematairi nemabhande ekufambisa, zvinoda kukurumidzisa kuti zviwedzere kusimba uye kutwasuka. Aniline inobatsira kukurumidzisa maitiro ekurumidzisa rabha, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwerabha kuve kunobudirira. Nekushandisa aniline semuchina wekukurumidzisa, vagadziri vanogona kuderedza nguva yekugadzira uye kuvandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa zverabha.
Pamusoro pekushandiswa kwayo mumaindasitiri, aniline inogonawo kushandiswa sedhayi dema pachayo. Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti idiwe mumabasa akasiyana-siyana eunyanzvi nekugadzira. Vanyori nevashandi vanogona kushandisa aniline kugadzira mavara matema akadzika anowedzera musiyano, kudzika, uye hupfumi muzvinhu zvavanogadzira. Ruvara rwayo rwakasimba uye kuenderana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvinobvumira kuratidzwa kweunyanzvi nekutsvaga.
Uyezve, zvinhu zvinobva kuaniline, zvakaita semethyl orange, zvinoshandiswa sezviratidzo mu acid-base titrations. Izvi zviratidzo zvakakosha pakuona mugumo wekuyedza kwetitration, zvichiita kuti zviyero zvive zvechokwadi. Methyl orange, inobva kuaniline, inochinja ruvara kana pH yemhinduro yasvika padanho rakatarwa. Izvi zvinobvumira masayendisiti nevanoongorora mishonga kunyatsoongorora uye kuongorora mafambiro ari kuitika panguva yetitration.
Kurongedza kwechigadzirwa:200kg/dhiramu
Matanho ekudzivirira mashandiro:Kushanda kwakavharwa, kupa mweya wakakwana wekubuda kwemhepo munzvimbo. Kushanda nemichina uye otomatiki sezvinobvira. Vashandi vanofanira kudzidziswa zvakanyanya uye kutevedzera maitiro ekushanda. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti mushandi apfeke chifukidzo chegasi chekusefa (hafu yemasiki), magirazi ekudzivirira kuchengetedzeka, mbatya dzebasa dzinodzivirira, uye magirovhosi anodzivirira mafuta erabha. Chengeta kure nemoto nekupisa. Hapana kusvuta munzvimbo yebasa. Shandisa masisitimu ekufema anodzivirira kuputika nemidziyo. Inodzivirira utsi kuti husapinde mumhepo yebasa. Dzivisa kusangana nemakemikari anokuvadza uye acids. Pakubata, kurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu zvishoma kunofanirwa kuitwa kudzivirira kukuvara kwemapakeji nemidziyo. Yakashongedzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwemidziyo yemoto uye kudonha kwemvura. Midziyo isina chinhu inogona kunge iine zvasara zvinokuvadza.
Zvidziviriro zvekuchengetedza:Chengeta mudura rinotonhorera, rine mhepo inofefetera. Chengeta kure nemoto nekupisa. Tembiricha yedura haifanire kudarika 30℃, uye hunyoro hahufanire kudarika 80%. Chengeta kure nechiedza. Pakeji yacho inofanira kuvharwa uye isingabatani nemhepo. Inofanira kuchengetwa yakasiyana ne oxidants, acids nemakemikari anodyiwa, uye haifanire kusanganiswa. Yakashongedzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwemidziyo yemoto. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekurapa inodonha nekukurumidzira uye zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekudzivirira.
Muchidimbu, aniline imusanganiswa weorganic une mabasa akawanda muindasitiri dzakasiyana-siyana. Kubva padhayi nemishonga kusvika pakugadzira rabha nemabasa ehunyanzvi, kukosha kweaniline hakugone kuderedzwa. Kugona kwayo kugadzira makemikari ane mavara, kushanda sechivako chemishonga, uye kushanda semushonga unokurumidzisa vulcanization kunoita kuti ive chinhu chinokosha. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwayo sedhayi nhema uye chiratidzo cheacid-base zvinoratidza mhando dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa kweaniline. Sezvo maindasitiri achiramba achivandudza nekukura, aniline icharamba iri chinhu chakakosha mumabasa avo nezvigadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-03-2023