Acetic acidinozivikanwa zvikuru seACOH, zita rayo richinzi ndiro chinhu chikuru chinowanikwa muvhiniga, uye ndeimwe yemafuta acids akakosha. Mhando yemahara muzvisikwa inowanzo kuwanikwa mumiti yakawanda. Molecular CH3COOH. Kubika nekushandisa vhiniga kune nhoroondo yezviuru zvemakore. MuChina yekare, yakanyorwa muvhiniga. Asi acetic acid yakakamurwa yaive Chemicalbook yakabudirira yakagadzirwa naStahl muna 1700. Pure acetic acid imvura isina ruvara uye ine kuravira kunogumbura. Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka i16.6 ° C, nzvimbo yekufashaira i117.9 ° C, uye huwandu hwehuwandu i1.049 (20/4 ° C). Inonyunguduka mumvura, ethanol, glycerin, ether uye carbon chloride; hainyungudike mucarbonide. Makriketi emumvura asina mvura anoungana kuita sechando, anowanzozivikanwa seice acetic acid. Inoora. Isina simba uye organic acid, acidity yeasidhi, uye inogona kukonzera esterization reactions nedoro.
Hunhu hwemakemikari:Acetic acid(AcOH) imono-weak carboxylic acid. Ine hunhu hwecarboxylic acids. Inosangana nedzimwe simbi, metal oxides uye hydroxides kuti igadzire munyu. Mazhinji acetic acids ane mashandisirwo akakosha. Basic ferric acetate [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] uye [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] uye lead acetate zvakashandiswa semordant, uye ferrous acetate yakashandiswa pakudhinda. Acetic acid nealcohol zvakaiswa esterification. Esterification inogonawo kuitwa ne unsaturated hydrocarbon pasi pe catalyst. Alpha-hydrogen inogona kutsiviwa nema halogens; Uye formaldehyde pasi pe catalyst, kupinda muChemicalbook line ye alcohol aldehyde condensation; Kana nitric acid yaiswa nitrate mu acetic acid, nitrating rate inogona kuvandudzwa. Kuita ne benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride uye benzoic acid zvinogona kuumbwa. Acetic acid inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha, zvakaita semethyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, nezvimwewo, chinhu chinonyungudutsa zvakanaka muindasitiri yekupenda nekupenda. Cellulose acetate, inogadzirwa nekubatana kweacetic anhydride necellulose, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira firimu, pendi yekupfapfaidza uye mapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana. Carboxymethyl cellulose inogona kugadzirwa nechloroacetic acid. Vinyl acetate inogadzirwa neacetic acid neacetylene chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira mishonga, madhayi nezvinonhuwira, pamwe chete nechinonyungudutsa chakakosha chekurapa rabha. Acetic acid inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye kugadzirwa kweorganic.
Munda wekushandisa
Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri
1. Acetic acidchigadzirwa chikuru chemakemikari uye chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha zve organic acids. Chinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira ethidine, ethyls uye ethyl acetate. Polyetate ethyl ester inogona kugadzirwa kuita firimu ne namati, uye zvakare chinhu chisina kugadzirwa che synthetic fiber Velun. Ethyl acetic acid cellulose inogona kugadzira sirika nefirimu rekugadzira.
2. Ethyl acetate inoumbwa nedoro remhando yakaderera inonyungudutsa zvakanaka uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekupenda. Nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zve organic zvinonyungudutsa acetic acid, acetic acid inowanzoshandiswawo organic solvents (semuenzaniso, pakugadzira phenyl acidic acid acid acidic acid).
3. Acetic acid inogona kushandiswa mune dzimwe mhinduro dzakabikwa uye dzakaporishwa, sebuffer (senge galvanizing uye chemical nickel plating) mune weak acid solution, kuwedzera zvimwe mu hemuminal bright nickel-plated electrolyte, uye passivation ye zinc ne cadmium. Mhinduro iyi inogona kuvandudza simba rekubatanidza re passivation film uye inowanzoshandiswa kudzora pH ye weak acidic plating.
4. Inoshandiswa kugadzira munyu wesimbi, senge manganese, sodium, lead, aluminium, zinc, cobalt nedzimwe simbi, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya se catalysts, dyeing machira uye maindasitiri e tanning dehwe. Fouritic acid lead iorganic synthetic reagent (yakadai se tetraitic acid lead inogona kushandiswa se oxidant yakasimba, sosi ye acetyl oxygen, uye kugadzira organic lead compounds, nezvimwewo).
5. Acetic acid inogonawo kushandiswa se analytical reagents, organic synthesis, pigment uye medicine synthesis.
Kushandiswa kwechikafu
Muindasitiri yezvekudya,acetic acidinoshandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa acid. Kana chinhu chinonhuhwirira nezvinonhuwira zvikashandiswa kugadzira vhiniga yakagadzirwa, acetic acid inoderedzwa kusvika 4-5%, uye manakiro akasiyana-siyana anowedzerwa. Yakachipa. Sechinhu chinonhuhwirira acid, chinogona kushandiswa muzvinwiwa zvakasanganiswa. Yakagadzirirwa kushandisa vhiniga, magaba, jelly nechizi. Unogona zvakare kugadzira zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira zvine 0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Kuchengeta nekutakura
Nzira dzekuchengetedza: Chengeta mudura rinotonhorera, rine mhepo inofefetera. Chengeta kure nemoto nekupisa. Munguva yechando, tembiricha yekuchengetera inofanira kuchengetwa pamusoro pe16℃ kudzivirira kuomarara. Chengeta mudziyo wakavharwa. Unofanira kuchengetwa wakaparadzana ne oxidant ne alkali, uye haufanirwe kusanganiswa. Mwenje usingaputiki uye nzvimbo dzekufema dzinoshandiswa. Usashandise michina nematurusi anogona kupfuta. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kunge yakashongedzwa nemidziyo yekurapa inobuda nekukurumidzira uye zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekubata.
Matanho ekutakura: Chigadzirwa ichi chichatumirwa nemotokari dzearuminiyamu dzinopihwa nemakambani earuminiyamu panguva yekufambisa njanji, uye mvumo yemadhipatimendi akakodzera inofanira kuziviswa isati yatumirwa. Kutakura njanji kusina kuiswa mumagaba kunofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nerondedzero yekurongedza zvinhu zvine njodzi mu "Dangerous Goods Transportation Rules" yeMinistry of Railways. Kurongedza kunofanirwa kunge kwakazara uye mutoro unofanirwa kunge wakachengeteka. Panguva yekufambisa, iva nechokwadi chekuti mudziyo haudonhe, hauputsike, haudonhe kana kukuvara. Mota yemuchina wekutakura (tangi) inoshandiswa mukutakura inofanira kunge ine cheni yekudzika, uye gomba rinogona kupatsanurwa mumudziyo wekutakura kuderedza magetsi asingachinji anokonzerwa nekuvhunduka. Zvinorambidzwa zvachose kusanganisa nemakemikari ane oxidant, alkali uye anodyiwa. Kutakura mumugwagwa kunofanirwa kutevedzera nzira yakatarwa, usagare munzvimbo dzekugara uye dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-23-2023