Acetic acidinowanzozivikanwa seACOH, yakatumidzwa mushure mekuva chinhu chikuru chevhiniga, uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kukosha mafuta acids.Chimiro chekusununguka muzvisikwa chinowanzove chiripo mumiti yakawanda.Molecular CH3COOH.Kubika uye kushandiswa kwevhiniga kune nhoroondo yezviuru zvemakore.MuChina yekare, yakanyorwa muvhiniga.Asi concentrated acetic acid yakabudirira Chemicalbook yakagadzirwa naStahl muna 1700. Pure acetic acid imvura isina ruvara uye ine kuravira kunogumbura.Nzvimbo yakanyunguduka i16.6 ° C, nzvimbo yekubikira i117.9 ° C, uye huwandu hwehukama i1.049 (20/4 ° C).Soluble mumvura, ethanol, glycerin, ether uye carbon chloride;isinganyungudike mucarbonide.Mvura-isina makiriketi emvura anobatanidzwa kuita ice-shaped, inowanzozivikanwa seaizi acetic acid.Corrosive.Iyo haina kusimba uye organic asidhi, acidicity yeasidhi, uye inogona kukonzera esterization maitiro nedoro.
Chemical properties:Acetic acid(AcOH) is mono-weak carboxylic acid.Iine maitiro emhando ye carboxylic acids.Inopindirana nedzimwe simbi, metal oxides uye hydroxides kugadzira munyu.Mazhinji maacetic acid ane mashandisirwo akakosha.Basic ferric acetate [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] uye [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] uye lead acetate yakashandiswa se mordant, uye ferrous acetate yakashandiswa kudhinda.Acetic acid uye doro zvakasimbiswa.Esterification inogonawo kuitwa neunsaturated hydrocarbon pasi pechiito che catalyst.Alpha-hydrogen inogona kutsiviwa ne halogens;Uye formaldehyde pasi pechiito che catalyst, kupinda Chemicalbook mutsara doro aldehyde condensation;Kana nitric acid iine nitrated muacetic acid, iyo nitrating rate inogona kuvandudzwa.Kuita ne benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride uye benzoic acid inogona kuumbwa.Acetic acid inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha zvinobva, senge methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, zvichingodaro, inonyungudutsa yakanakisa muindasitiri yekupfeka uye pendi.Cellulose acetate, inogadzirwa nekubatana kweacetic anhydride uye cellulose, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira firimu, kupfapfaidza pendi uye akasiyana mapurasitiki.Carboxymethyl cellulose inogona kugadzirwa ne chloroacetic acid.Iyo vinyl acetate inogadzirwa neacetic acid uye acetylene chinhu chakakosha mbishi chekugadzira zvinodhaka, dhayi uye zvinonhuwira, pamwe neakakosha solvent yekurapa rabha.Acetic acid inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye organic synthesis.
Nzvimbo yekushandisa
Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri
1. Acetic acidchinhu chikuru chemakemikari chigadzirwa uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kukosha organic acids.Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira ethidine, ethyls uye ethyl acetate.Polyetate ethyl ester inogona kugadzirwa kuita firimu uye inonamira, uye zvakare iri mbishi zvinhu zve synthetic fiber Velun.Ethyl acetic acid cellulose inogona kugadzira sirika yekugadzira uye mafirimu mafirimu.
2. Iyo ethyl acetate inoumbwa ne-low-grade alcohol ndiyo yakanakisa solvent uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yepende.Nekuda kwezvizhinji zvezvinhu zvipenyu zvinonyungudutsa acetic acid, acetic acid inowanzoshandiswa organic solvents (somuenzaniso, pakugadzira phenyl acidic acidic acid acid).
3. Acetic acid inogona kushandiswa mune mamwe ma pickled and polished solutions, sebuffer (se galvanizing and chemical nickel plating) mumushonga usina simba weasidhi, kuwedzera zvinowedzerwa muhemuminal inopenya nickel -plated electrolyte, uye passivation ye zinc uye cadmium. mhinduro inogona kuvandudza simba rinosunga reiyo passivation firimu uye rinowanzo shandiswa kudzora pH yeiyo isina kusimba acidic plating.
4. Inoshandiswa kubudisa simbi yemunyu, yakadai se manganese, sodium, lead, aluminium, zinc, cobalt uye mamwe masimbi, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya seanokonzeresa, machira ekudhaya uye maindasitiri ematehwe.Fouritic acid lead is an organic synthetic reagent (yakadai se tetraitic acid lead inogona kushandiswa seyakasimba oxidant, tsime reacetyl oxygen, uye kugadzira organic lead compounds, nezvimwewo).
5. Acetic acid inogonawo kushandiswa seanalytical reagents, organic synthesis, pigment uye mishonga synthesis.
Kushandiswa kwezvokudya
Muindasitiri yezvekudya,acetic acidinoshandiswa senge acidified agent.Kana iyo inonhuwira uye spice inoshandiswa kugadzira synthetic vhiniga, iyo acetic acid inoderedzwa kusvika 4-5%, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonaka zvinowedzerwa.Cheap.Se acid-flavored agent, inogona kushandiswa kune composite seasonings.Yakagadzirirwa kushandisa vhiniga, makani, jelly uye cheese.Iwe unogona zvakare kugadzira maajenti anonhuhwirira ane 0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Kuchengeta uye chekufambisa
Chengetedzo yekuchengetedza: Chengetedza muimba yekuchengetera inotonhorera, ine mhepo.Ramba kure nemoto nekupisa.Munguva yechando, tembiricha yekuchengetera inofanirwa kuchengetwa iri pamusoro pe16 ℃ kudzivirira kusimba.Chengetedza mudziyo wakavharwa.Inofanira kuchengetwa zvakasiyana kubva kune oxidant uye alkali, uye haifaniri kusanganiswa.Kuputika-kuvhenekera kwemwenje uye zvivakwa zvemhepo zvinogamuchirwa.Usashandise midziyo yemakina uye maturusi anowanzo kupenya.Imba yekuchengetera inofanirwa kunge ine inovuza yekurapa yekukurumidzira michina uye yakakodzera kubata zvinhu.
Chengetedzo yezvifambiso: Ichi chigadzirwa chinozotumirwa nealuminum tank mota dzakapihwa nemabhizinesi ealuminium panguva yekufambisa njanji, uye kubvumidzwa kwemadhipatimendi akakodzera kunoziviswa kusati kwatumirwa.Kutakurwa kwenjanji kusiri kwemumagaba kuchaitwa zvichiteerana nehurongwa hwekutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi mu "Dangerous Goods Transportation Mitemo" yeBazi reRailways.Kurongedza kunofanirwa kunge kwakazara uye kurodha kunofanirwa kuve kwakachengeteka.Panguva yekufambisa, ita shuwa kuti mudziyo haubvire, kudonha, kudonha kana kukuvara.Mugero (tangi) mota inoshandiswa mukufambisa inofanirwa kunge iine cheni yekumisa, uye gomba rinopatsanurwa rinogona kurongedzerwa mudhishi kudzikisa static magetsi anogadzirwa nekuvhunduka.Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvachose kusanganisa neoxidant, alkali uye makemikari anodyika.Kutakura mumigwagwa kunofanirwa kutevedzera nzira yakatemwa, usagare munzvimbo dzekugara uye dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-23-2023